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    <title xml:lang="eng">TGS Seismic Survey Visual Sightings in Chukchi Sea 2013</title>
    <creator>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Troy</givenName>
        <surName>Nelson</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>TGS-NOPEC Geophysical Company</organizationName>
      <positionName>Primary contact</positionName>
      <electronicMailAddress>Tnelson@arcis.com</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl/>
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        <givenName>Megan</givenName>
        <surName>Blees</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>ASRC Energy Services, Inc.</organizationName>
      <positionName>Secondary contact</positionName>
      <electronicMailAddress>Megan.Blees@asrcenergy.com</electronicMailAddress>
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      <organizationName>Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab, Duke University</organizationName>
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        <city>Durham</city>
        <administrativeArea>NC</administrativeArea>
        <postalCode>27708</postalCode>
        <country>US</country>
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      <organizationName>Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab, Duke University</organizationName>
      <positionName/>
      <address>
        <deliveryPoint>A328 LSRC building</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Durham</city>
        <administrativeArea>NC</administrativeArea>
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        <country>US</country>
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      <individualName>
        <givenName>Troy</givenName>
        <surName>Nelson</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>TGS-NOPEC Geophysical Company</organizationName>
      <positionName>Primary contact</positionName>
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      <onlineUrl/>
      <role>owner</role>
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    <associatedParty>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Megan</givenName>
        <surName>Blees</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>ASRC Energy Services, Inc.</organizationName>
      <positionName>Secondary contact</positionName>
      <electronicMailAddress>Megan.Blees@asrcenergy.com</electronicMailAddress>
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      <role>originator</role>
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    <pubDate>2025-07-31</pubDate>
    <language>eng</language>
    <abstract>
      <para>Original provider:
TGS

Dataset credits:
ASRC Energy Services, Inc.
TGS-NOPEC Geophysical Company

Abstract:
TGS-NOPEC Geophysical Company (TGS) conducted a 2D marine seismic survey along predetermined lines in U.S. Federal and international waters of the Chukchi Sea during the open-water season from 25 August to 30 October 2013. Two vessels were involved including 1) a seismic vessel (Geo Arctic) towing a 3,280 cu.in. seismic array and 8,100 m long solid streamer cable and 2) a marine mammal monitoring vessel (Norseman) which operated in advance of the seismic vessel.  Both vessels had teams of visual protected species observers (PSOs) trained to monitor and implement seismic mitigation according to regulatory permits from U.S. Agencies.  A combined-vessel total of 480 visual sightings occurred over 30,798  km of combined-vessel observer effort (both on and off effort). In addition to visual observers, the monitoring vessel also employed a towed passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) system. This dataset includes visual sighting data and acoustic data is presented separately.
</para>
    </abstract>
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      <keyword>Visual sighting</keyword>
      <keyword>Marine Animal Survey</keyword>
      <keyword>Marine mammals</keyword>
      <keyword>Visual Sighting</keyword>
      <keyword>Vessel</keyword>
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        <url function="information">https://seamap.env.duke.edu/dataset/1110</url>
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        <geographicDescription>Oceans,North Pacific Ocean,Arctic Ocean,Chukchi Sea</geographicDescription>
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          <eastBoundingCoordinate>-158.759196</eastBoundingCoordinate>
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          <beginDate>
            <calendarDate>2013-08-26</calendarDate>
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          <endDate>
            <calendarDate>2013-10-30</calendarDate>
          </endDate>
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      <taxonomicCoverage>
        <generalTaxonomicCoverage>Scientific names are based on the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).</generalTaxonomicCoverage>
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          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
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          <commonName>Bowhead</commonName>
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        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Balaenoptera acutorostrata</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Common minke whale</commonName>
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          <taxonRankName>suborder</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Caniformia</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Pinnipeds</commonName>
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        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>order</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Cetacea</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Cetaceans</commonName>
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          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Erignathus barbatus</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Bearded seal</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Eschrichtius robustus</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Gray whale</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Histriophoca fasciata</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Ribbon seal</commonName>
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        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>class</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Mammalia</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Mammals</commonName>
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        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Megaptera novaeangliae</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Humpback whale</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>suborder</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Mysticeti</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Baleen whales</commonName>
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        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Odobenus rosmarus</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Walrus</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Phoca largha</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Spotted seal</commonName>
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        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Phocoena phocoena</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Harbor porpoise</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Pusa hispida</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Ringed seal</commonName>
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    </coverage>
    <purpose>
      <para/>
    </purpose>
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Available options for maintenanceUpdateFrequency
daily|...|notPlanned|irregular|unknown
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    <contact>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Troy</givenName>
        <surName>Nelson</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>TGS-NOPEC Geophysical Company</organizationName>
      <positionName>Primary contact</positionName>
      <electronicMailAddress>Tnelson@arcis.com</electronicMailAddress>
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      <title>TGS Seismic Survey Visual Sightings in Chukchi Sea 2013</title>
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          <givenName>Troy</givenName>
          <surName>Nelson</surName>
        </individualName>
        <role>owner</role>
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      <personnel>
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          <givenName>Megan</givenName>
          <surName>Blees</surName>
        </individualName>
        <role>originator</role>
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      <funding>
        <para>NA</para>
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          <para/>
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    <shortName>zd_1110</shortName>
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        <dateStamp>2025-07-31T16:30:59-04:00</dateStamp>
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        <citation identifier="https://doi.org/10.82144/3b35bb0f">Nelson, T. and M. Blees. 2014. TGS Seismic Survey Visual Sightings in Chukchi Sea 2013. Version 1.0.0. Dataset published in OBIS-SEAMAP. https://doi.org/10.82144/3b35bb0f.</citation>
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        <bibliography>
          <citation>Cate, J.R., M. Smultea, M. Blees, M. Larson, S. Simpson, T. Jefferson and D. Steckler. 2014. 90-Day Report of Marine Mammal Monitoring and Mitigation during a 2D Seismic Survey by TGS in the Chukchi Sea, August through October 2013. AES Doc. No. 15416-04 13-185. Prepared by ASRC Energy Services, Smultea Environmental Sciences, Clymene Enterprises and Entiat River Technologies for TGS-NOPEC Geophysical Company, National Marine Fisheries Service and U.S&gt; Fish and Wildlife Service: 122 p. + Appendices.</citation>
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