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    <alternateIdentifier>https://www.gbif.org/dataset/b4469a23-f5a7-48e2-a32e-6e30353ea6a0</alternateIdentifier>
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    <title xml:lang="eng">Virginia and Maryland Sea Turtle Research and Conservation Initiative Aerial Survey Sightings, May 2011 through July 2013</title>
    <creator>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Sue</givenName>
        <surName>Barco</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>Virginia Aquarium Stranding Response</organizationName>
      <positionName>Primary contact</positionName>
      <electronicMailAddress>SGBarco@virginiaaquarium.com</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl/>
    </creator>
    <metadataProvider>
      <individualName>
        <surName>OBIS-SEAMAP</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab, Duke University</organizationName>
      <positionName/>
      <address>
        <deliveryPoint>A328 LSRC building</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Durham</city>
        <administrativeArea>NC</administrativeArea>
        <postalCode>27708</postalCode>
        <country>US</country>
      </address>
      <electronicMailAddress>seamap-contact@duke.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl>https://seamap.env.duke.edu</onlineUrl>
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      <individualName>
        <surName>OBIS-SEAMAP</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab, Duke University</organizationName>
      <positionName/>
      <address>
        <deliveryPoint>A328 LSRC building</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Durham</city>
        <administrativeArea>NC</administrativeArea>
        <postalCode>27708</postalCode>
        <country>US</country>
      </address>
      <electronicMailAddress>seamap-contact@duke.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl>https://seamap.env.duke.edu</onlineUrl>
      <role>distributor</role>
    </associatedParty>
    <associatedParty>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Sue</givenName>
        <surName>Barco</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>Virginia Aquarium Stranding Response</organizationName>
      <positionName>Primary contact</positionName>
      <electronicMailAddress>SGBarco@virginiaaquarium.com</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl/>
      <role>owner</role>
    </associatedParty>
    <pubDate>2025-07-31</pubDate>
    <language>eng</language>
    <abstract>
      <para>Original provider:
Virginia Aquarium &amp; Marine Science Center

Dataset credits:
Virginia Aquarium Foundation - Susan G. Barco &amp; Gwen G. Lockhart
Riverhead Foundation for Marine Research &amp; Preservation - Robert A. DiGiovanni Jr. &amp; Allison M. DePerte

Abstract:
The data provided were collected as part of the the Virginia and Maryland Sea Turtle Research &amp; Conservation Initiative - funded by the National Marine Fisheries Service Species Recovery Grants program  No. NA09NMF4720033.
</para>
    </abstract>
    <keywordSet>
      <keyword>Occurrence</keyword>
      <keywordThesaurus>GBIF Dataset Type Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_type.xml</keywordThesaurus>
    </keywordSet>
    <keywordSet>
      <keyword>Observation</keyword>
      <keywordThesaurus>GBIF Dataset Subtype Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_subtype.xml</keywordThesaurus>
    </keywordSet>
    <keywordSet>
      <keyword>Marine Biology</keyword>
      <keyword>Visual sighting</keyword>
      <keyword>Marine Animal Survey</keyword>
      <keyword>Marine mammals</keyword>
      <keyword>Sea turtles</keyword>
      <keyword>Visual Sighting</keyword>
      <keyword>Aircraft</keyword>
      <keywordThesaurus>N/A</keywordThesaurus>
    </keywordSet>
    <additionalInfo>
      <!-- Added for IPT2.3 on 2016-02-29. This field should include words "marine, harvested by iOBIS" for IPT -->
      <para>Aerial surveys were conducted along the coastal waters and bays of Virginia and Maryland. This project is broken into two survey periods. The survey platform was a De Havilland twin otter DHC&#x2010;6 modified for observational research. The aircraft was configured so as to have two forward observers and a data recorder on their own communication system and have a second team consisting of a belly observer and one additional observer (either port or starboard) along with a data recorder. The separation of the communications systems enables the two teams to function independently thereby functioning as two individual surveys. Groups of sea turles, marine mammals, and other marine mammals were recorded. This method was developed in order to calculate a perception bias using mark recapture techniques.  This dataset is the filtered version &#x2013; meaning all the duplicate sightings have been removed.  All records are marked as observed by only team one, only team two, or by both.  There is only one record for each sighting even if the animal was sighted by both teams.  The raw dataset, with all sighting from both teams, is available by request from the Virginia Aquarium &amp; Marine Science Foundation.</para>
    </additionalInfo>
    <intellectualRights>
      <!-- Added for IPT2.3 on 2015-11-18 . TextType -->
      <para>This work is licensed under a <ulink url="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode"><citetitle>Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC-BY-NC) 4.0 License</citetitle></ulink>.</para>
    </intellectualRights>
    <distribution scope="document">
      <online>
        <url function="information">https://seamap.env.duke.edu/dataset/1201</url>
      </online>
    </distribution>
    <coverage>
      <geographicCoverage>
        <geographicDescription>Oceans,North Atlantic</geographicDescription>
        <boundingCoordinates>
          <westBoundingCoordinate>-76.39647</westBoundingCoordinate>
          <eastBoundingCoordinate>-74.39849</eastBoundingCoordinate>
          <northBoundingCoordinate>38.52142</northBoundingCoordinate>
          <southBoundingCoordinate>36.58278</southBoundingCoordinate>
        </boundingCoordinates>
      </geographicCoverage>
      <temporalCoverage>
        <rangeOfDates>
          <beginDate>
            <calendarDate>2011-05-22</calendarDate>
          </beginDate>
          <endDate>
            <calendarDate>2013-07-31</calendarDate>
          </endDate>
        </rangeOfDates>
      </temporalCoverage>
      <taxonomicCoverage>
        <generalTaxonomicCoverage>Scientific names are based on the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).</generalTaxonomicCoverage>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Balaenoptera borealis</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Sei whale</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Balaenoptera physalus</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Fin whale</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Caretta caretta</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Loggerhead sea turtle</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>order</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Cetacea</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Cetaceans</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Cetorhinus maximus</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Basking shark</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Chelonia mydas</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Green sea turtle</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>family</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Cheloniidae</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Sea turtles</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Dermochelys coriacea</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Leatherback sea turtle</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>subclass</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Elasmobranchii</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Cartilaginous fishes</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Lepidochelys kempii</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Kemp's ridley</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Manta birostris</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Atlantic manta</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Mola mola</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Ocean sunfish</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Rhinoptera bonasus</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Cownose ray</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Sphyrna zygaena</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Smooth hammerhead</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Tursiops truncatus</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Common bottlenose dolphin</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>subphylum</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Vertebrata</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>vertebrates</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
      </taxonomicCoverage>
    </coverage>
    <purpose>
      <para>Previous sea turtle abundance estimates reported in the Virginia portion of the Chesapeake Bay where developed using aerial surveys without correcting for seasonal differences and availability bias. More recent surveys yielded estimates of availability throughout the turtles' residency periods using radio transmitters and satellite telemetry. These estimates where significantly different then previous surveys and changed over time. This project was conducted in order to quantify turtles surfacing time for the purpose of calculating seasonal and annual differences in availability, conduct aerial surveys in a manner that will allow for the calculation of perception bias, and compare estimates generated during previous projects.</para>
    </purpose>
    <!-- Added for IPT2.3 on 2015-11-18 
Available options for maintenanceUpdateFrequency
daily|...|notPlanned|irregular|unknown
-->
    <maintenance>
      <description>
        <para/>
      </description>
      <maintenanceUpdateFrequency>notPlanned</maintenanceUpdateFrequency>
    </maintenance>
    <contact>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Sue</givenName>
        <surName>Barco</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>Virginia Aquarium Stranding Response</organizationName>
      <positionName>Primary contact</positionName>
      <electronicMailAddress>SGBarco@virginiaaquarium.com</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl/>
    </contact>
    <methods>
      <methodStep>
        <description>
          <para>NA</para>
        </description>
      </methodStep>
      <sampling>
        <studyExtent>
          <description>
            <para>NA</para>
          </description>
        </studyExtent>
        <samplingDescription>
          <para>NA</para>
        </samplingDescription>
      </sampling>
    </methods>
    <project>
      <title>Virginia and Maryland Sea Turtle Research and Conservation Initiative Aerial Survey Sightings, May 2011 through July 2013</title>
      <personnel>
        <individualName>
          <givenName>Sue</givenName>
          <surName>Barco</surName>
        </individualName>
        <role>owner</role>
      </personnel>
      <funding>
        <para>NA</para>
      </funding>
      <studyAreaDescription>
        <descriptor name="generic" citableClassificationSystem="false">
          <descriptorValue/>
        </descriptor>
      </studyAreaDescription>
      <designDescription>
        <description>
          <para/>
        </description>
      </designDescription>
    </project>
    <shortName>zd_1201</shortName>
  </dataset>
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        <dateStamp>2025-07-31T16:39:20-04:00</dateStamp>
        <hierarchyLevel>dataset</hierarchyLevel>
        <citation identifier="https://doi.org/10.82144/1f7e28c7">Barco, S. 2014. Virginia and Maryland Sea Turtle Research and Conservation Initiative Aerial Survey Sightings, May 2011 through July 2013. Version 1.0.0. Dataset published in OBIS-SEAMAP. https://doi.org/10.82144/1f7e28c7.</citation>
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              <url function="download">https://seamap.env.duke.edu/dataset/1201</url>
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        <!-- added for STAT on 2016/03/28 -->
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