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    <alternateIdentifier>https://obis.org/dataset/055979c2-93f2-4fb8-a497-45bb267521f2</alternateIdentifier>
    <title xml:lang="eng">Cetacean sightings in Ghana and Ivorycoast</title>
    <creator>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Marijke</givenName>
        <surName>de Boer</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>Wageningen Marine Research, University of Wageningen</organizationName>
      <positionName>Primary contact</positionName>
      <electronicMailAddress>marijkedeboer@hotmail.com</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl/>
    </creator>
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      <individualName>
        <surName>OBIS-SEAMAP</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab, Duke University</organizationName>
      <positionName/>
      <address>
        <deliveryPoint>A328 LSRC building</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Durham</city>
        <administrativeArea>NC</administrativeArea>
        <postalCode>27708</postalCode>
        <country>US</country>
      </address>
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        <surName>OBIS-SEAMAP</surName>
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      <organizationName>Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab, Duke University</organizationName>
      <positionName/>
      <address>
        <deliveryPoint>A328 LSRC building</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Durham</city>
        <administrativeArea>NC</administrativeArea>
        <postalCode>27708</postalCode>
        <country>US</country>
      </address>
      <electronicMailAddress>seamap-contact@duke.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl>https://seamap.env.duke.edu</onlineUrl>
      <role>distributor</role>
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    <associatedParty>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Marijke</givenName>
        <surName>de Boer</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>Wageningen Marine Research, University of Wageningen</organizationName>
      <positionName>Primary contact</positionName>
      <electronicMailAddress>marijkedeboer@hotmail.com</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl/>
      <role>owner</role>
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    <pubDate>2025-09-11</pubDate>
    <language>eng</language>
    <abstract>
      <para>Original provider:
Marijke de Boer

Dataset credits:
Marijke N. de Boer

Abstract:
Within the Gulf of Guinea the information on the cetacean abundance and distribution is scarce. A cetacean survey took place during geophysical surveys (2013&#x2013;2014) along the coasts of Ghana and C&#xF4;te d&#x2019;Ivoire. Due to large group-sizes, melon-headed whales were the most abundant (0.34 animals
km&#x2212;1) followed by Fraser&#x2019;s dolphins and short-finned pilot whales. Range state records were confirmed for melon-headed whale and Fraser&#x2019;s dolphin in Ivoirian waters and ten further species represented first at-sea sightings. Fraser&#x2019;s dolphins, melon-headed whales, pantropical spotted dolphins, bottlenose dolphins, and pilot whales were recorded in areas with the highest fishing densities. Melon-headed whales, pilot whales, and rough-toothed dolphins were observed in vicinity of trawlers; bottlenose dolphins, pantropical spotted dolphins, and pilot whales in vicinity of canoes. The poor knowledge on population trends of cetaceans in this unique upwelling region, together with a high demand for cetacean products for human consumption (as &#x201C;marine bushmeat&#x201D;) may lead to a potential decline of some species that may go unnoticed. These new insights can provide a foundation for the urgently required risk assessments of cetacean mortality in fisheries within the northern Gulf of Guinea.
</para>
    </abstract>
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      <keyword>Occurrence</keyword>
      <keywordThesaurus>GBIF Dataset Type Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_type.xml</keywordThesaurus>
    </keywordSet>
    <keywordSet>
      <keyword>Observation</keyword>
      <keywordThesaurus>GBIF Dataset Subtype Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_subtype.xml</keywordThesaurus>
    </keywordSet>
    <keywordSet>
      <keyword>Marine Biology</keyword>
      <keyword>Visual sighting</keyword>
      <keyword>Marine Animal Survey</keyword>
      <keyword>Marine mammals</keyword>
      <keyword>Visual Sighting</keyword>
      <keyword>Vessel</keyword>
      <keywordThesaurus>N/A</keywordThesaurus>
    </keywordSet>
    <additionalInfo>
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      <para>Information regarding location of fishing vessels is available upon request</para>
    </additionalInfo>
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      <!-- Added for IPT2.3 on 2015-11-18 . TextType -->
      <para>This work is licensed under a <ulink url="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode"><citetitle>Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC-BY-NC) 4.0 License</citetitle></ulink>.</para>
    </intellectualRights>
    <distribution scope="document">
      <online>
        <url function="information">https://seamap.env.duke.edu/dataset/2018</url>
      </online>
    </distribution>
    <coverage>
      <geographicCoverage>
        <geographicDescription>Oceans,Ghana,Ivorycoast</geographicDescription>
        <boundingCoordinates>
          <westBoundingCoordinate>-3.43817</westBoundingCoordinate>
          <eastBoundingCoordinate>-1.84533</eastBoundingCoordinate>
          <northBoundingCoordinate>4.87267</northBoundingCoordinate>
          <southBoundingCoordinate>3.5995</southBoundingCoordinate>
        </boundingCoordinates>
      </geographicCoverage>
      <temporalCoverage>
        <rangeOfDates>
          <beginDate>
            <calendarDate>2013-04-18</calendarDate>
          </beginDate>
          <endDate>
            <calendarDate>2014-05-24</calendarDate>
          </endDate>
        </rangeOfDates>
      </temporalCoverage>
      <taxonomicCoverage>
        <generalTaxonomicCoverage>Scientific names are based on the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).</generalTaxonomicCoverage>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>genus</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Balaenoptera</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Baleen whales</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Balaenoptera brydei</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Bryde's whale</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>order</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Cetacea</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Cetaceans</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>family</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Delphinidae</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Dolphins</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>genus</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Delphinus</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Common dolphins</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Globicephala macrorhynchus</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Short-finned pilot whale</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Lagenodelphis hosei</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Fraser's dolphin</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Peponocephala electra</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Melon-headed whale</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Physeter macrocephalus</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Sperm whale</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>genus</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Stenella</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Spinner dolphins</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Stenella attenuata</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Pantropical spotted dolphin</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Stenella clymene</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Clymene dolphin</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Stenella longirostris</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Spinner dolphin</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Steno bredanensis</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Rough-toothed dolphin</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Tursiops truncatus</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Common bottlenose dolphin</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
      </taxonomicCoverage>
    </coverage>
    <purpose>
      <para>The objective of this study was to gather new information on the poorly monitored local cetacean populations in order to understand the threat posed by interactions with fisheries either due to unintended bycatch (entanglement) or direct capture. The information presented provides a valuable insight into the occurrence, relative abundance, and at-sea distribution of cetaceans and an indication as to which cetacean species appear to be under the greatest fishing pressure. As such, these findings provide new directions for future assessments of fishing pressure on cetaceans through incidental catches and directed takes.</para>
    </purpose>
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Available options for maintenanceUpdateFrequency
daily|...|notPlanned|irregular|unknown
-->
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      <description>
        <para/>
      </description>
      <maintenanceUpdateFrequency>notPlanned</maintenanceUpdateFrequency>
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    <contact>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Marijke</givenName>
        <surName>de Boer</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>Wageningen Marine Research, University of Wageningen</organizationName>
      <positionName>Primary contact</positionName>
      <electronicMailAddress>marijkedeboer@hotmail.com</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl/>
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    <methods>
      <methodStep>
        <description>
          <para>NA</para>
        </description>
      </methodStep>
      <sampling>
        <studyExtent>
          <description>
            <para>NA</para>
          </description>
        </studyExtent>
        <samplingDescription>
          <para>NA</para>
        </samplingDescription>
      </sampling>
    </methods>
    <project>
      <title>Cetacean sightings in Ghana and Ivorycoast</title>
      <personnel>
        <individualName>
          <givenName>Marijke</givenName>
          <surName>de Boer</surName>
        </individualName>
        <role>owner</role>
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      <funding>
        <para>NA</para>
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      </studyAreaDescription>
      <designDescription>
        <description>
          <para/>
        </description>
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    </project>
    <shortName>zd_2018</shortName>
  </dataset>
  <additionalMetadata>
    <metadata>
      <gbif>
        <dateStamp>2025-09-11T15:45:36-04:00</dateStamp>
        <hierarchyLevel>dataset</hierarchyLevel>
        <citation identifier="https://doi.org/10.82144/4427f2df">de Boer, M. 2019. Cetacean sightings in Ghana and Ivorycoast. Version 1.0.0. Dataset published in OBIS-SEAMAP. https://doi.org/10.82144/4427f2df.</citation>
        <bibliography>
          <citation identifier="https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2016.00178">De Boer MN, Saulino JT, Van Waerebeek K and Aarts G. 2016. Under Pressure: Cetaceans and Fisheries Co-occurrence off the Coasts of Ghana and C&#xF4;te d&#x2019;Ivoire (Gulf of Guinea). Frontiers in Marine Science3:178. </citation>
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            <online>
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        <!-- added for STAT on 2016/03/28 -->
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