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    <alternateIdentifier>https://seamap.env.duke.edu/dataset/2158</alternateIdentifier>
    <alternateIdentifier>https://www.gbif.org/dataset/dc274911-6d14-4aa7-9c27-d17833d51a5d</alternateIdentifier>
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    <title xml:lang="eng">Passive acoustic monitoring of killer whales in the northern Gulf of Alaska</title>
    <creator>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Hannah</givenName>
        <surName>Myers</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>University of Alaska Fairbanks</organizationName>
      <positionName>Primary contact</positionName>
      <electronicMailAddress>hmyers8@alaska.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl>https://uaf.edu/cfos/people/student/detail/hannah-myers.php</onlineUrl>
    </creator>
    <metadataProvider>
      <individualName>
        <surName>OBIS-SEAMAP</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab, Duke University</organizationName>
      <positionName/>
      <address>
        <deliveryPoint>A328 LSRC building</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Durham</city>
        <administrativeArea>NC</administrativeArea>
        <postalCode>27708</postalCode>
        <country>US</country>
      </address>
      <electronicMailAddress>seamap-contact@duke.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl>https://seamap.env.duke.edu</onlineUrl>
    </metadataProvider>
    <associatedParty>
      <individualName>
        <surName>OBIS-SEAMAP</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab, Duke University</organizationName>
      <positionName/>
      <address>
        <deliveryPoint>A328 LSRC building</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Durham</city>
        <administrativeArea>NC</administrativeArea>
        <postalCode>27708</postalCode>
        <country>US</country>
      </address>
      <electronicMailAddress>seamap-contact@duke.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl>https://seamap.env.duke.edu</onlineUrl>
      <role>distributor</role>
    </associatedParty>
    <associatedParty>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Hannah</givenName>
        <surName>Myers</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>University of Alaska Fairbanks</organizationName>
      <positionName>Primary contact</positionName>
      <electronicMailAddress>hmyers8@alaska.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl>https://uaf.edu/cfos/people/student/detail/hannah-myers.php</onlineUrl>
      <role>owner</role>
    </associatedParty>
    <pubDate>2025-07-31</pubDate>
    <language>eng</language>
    <abstract>
      <para>Original provider:
Hannah Myers

Dataset credits:
Hannah Myers, University of Alaska Fairbanks

Abstract:
Killer whales (Orcinus orca) are top predators throughout the world&#x2019;s oceans. In the 
North Pacific, the species is divided into three ecotypes&#x2014;resident (fish-eating), 
transient (mammal-eating), and offshore (largely shark-eating)&#x2014;that are genetically 
and acoustically distinct and have unique roles in the marine ecosystem. We deployed 
hydrophones in the northern Gulf of Alaska to examine the year-round distribution of 
killer whales from 2016 to 2020 using passive acoustic monitoring. Highest year-round 
acoustic presence occurred in Montague Strait, with strong seasonal patterns in 
Hinchinbrook Entrance and Resurrection Bay. Passive acoustic monitoring revealed 
that both resident and transient killer whales used these areas much more extensively 
than previously known and provided novel insights into high use locations and times 
for each population. These results may be driven by seasonal foraging opportunities 
and social factors, and have management implications for this species.
</para>
    </abstract>
    <keywordSet>
      <keyword>Marine Biology</keyword>
      <keyword>Passive acoustic detection</keyword>
      <keyword>Marine Animal Survey</keyword>
      <keyword>Marine mammals</keyword>
      <keyword>Acoustic precense/absence</keyword>
      <keyword>Ocean-based Platforms</keyword>
      <keywordThesaurus>N/A</keywordThesaurus>
    </keywordSet>
    <additionalInfo>
      <!-- Added for IPT2.3 on 2016-02-29. This field should include words "marine, harvested by iOBIS" for IPT -->
      <para>This dataset presents killer whale presence or absence based on acoustic detection. 

The locations of the stationary acoustic devices are approximate. 



Passive acoustic monitoring efforts were done during the following periods:

Montague Strait

    Hanning Bay 10/1/2016 - 1/31/2017

    Little Bay 9/14/2017- 5/7/2018

    Little Bay 5/15/2018 - 9/17/2018

    Little Bay 10/1/2018 - 9/24/2019

    Little Bay 09/27/2019 - 5/31/2020



Hinchinbrook Entrance

    Port Etches 10/1/2016 - 6/16/2017

    Port Etches 9/7/2017 - 5/12/2018

    Port Etches 5/15/2018 - 9/30/2018

    Zaikof Bay 10/1/2018 - 7/25/2019

    Zaikof Bay 10/1/2019 - 5/29/2020



Resurrection Bay

    6/7/2018 - 10/2/2018

    10/2/2018 - 5/27/2019

    5/27/2019 - 9/22/2019

    9/22/2019 - 5/31/2020</para>
    </additionalInfo>
    <intellectualRights>
      <!-- Added for IPT2.3 on 2015-11-18 . TextType -->
      <para>This work is licensed under a <ulink url="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode"><citetitle>Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC-BY-NC) 4.0 License</citetitle></ulink>.</para>
    </intellectualRights>
    <distribution scope="document">
      <online>
        <url function="information">https://seamap.env.duke.edu/dataset/2158</url>
      </online>
    </distribution>
    <coverage>
      <geographicCoverage>
        <geographicDescription>Oceans,Alaska</geographicDescription>
        <boundingCoordinates>
          <westBoundingCoordinate>-149.6</westBoundingCoordinate>
          <eastBoundingCoordinate>-147</eastBoundingCoordinate>
          <northBoundingCoordinate>60.3</northBoundingCoordinate>
          <southBoundingCoordinate>59.7</southBoundingCoordinate>
        </boundingCoordinates>
      </geographicCoverage>
      <temporalCoverage>
        <rangeOfDates>
          <beginDate>
            <calendarDate>2016-10-01</calendarDate>
          </beginDate>
          <endDate>
            <calendarDate>2020-05-31</calendarDate>
          </endDate>
        </rangeOfDates>
      </temporalCoverage>
      <taxonomicCoverage>
        <generalTaxonomicCoverage>Scientific names are based on the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).</generalTaxonomicCoverage>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Orcinus orca</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Killer whale</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
      </taxonomicCoverage>
    </coverage>
    <purpose>
      <para>Year-round passive acoustic monitoring of killer whales</para>
    </purpose>
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Available options for maintenanceUpdateFrequency
daily|...|notPlanned|irregular|unknown
-->
    <maintenance>
      <description>
        <para/>
      </description>
      <maintenanceUpdateFrequency>notPlanned</maintenanceUpdateFrequency>
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    <contact>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Hannah</givenName>
        <surName>Myers</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>University of Alaska Fairbanks</organizationName>
      <positionName>Primary contact</positionName>
      <electronicMailAddress>hmyers8@alaska.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl>https://uaf.edu/cfos/people/student/detail/hannah-myers.php</onlineUrl>
    </contact>
    <methods>
      <methodStep>
        <description>
          <para>NA</para>
        </description>
      </methodStep>
      <sampling>
        <studyExtent>
          <description>
            <para>NA</para>
          </description>
        </studyExtent>
        <samplingDescription>
          <para>NA</para>
        </samplingDescription>
      </sampling>
    </methods>
    <project>
      <title>Passive acoustic monitoring of killer whales in the northern Gulf of Alaska</title>
      <personnel>
        <individualName>
          <givenName>Hannah</givenName>
          <surName>Myers</surName>
        </individualName>
        <role>owner</role>
      </personnel>
      <funding>
        <para>NA</para>
      </funding>
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        <descriptor name="generic" citableClassificationSystem="false">
          <descriptorValue/>
        </descriptor>
      </studyAreaDescription>
      <designDescription>
        <description>
          <para/>
        </description>
      </designDescription>
    </project>
    <shortName>zd_2158</shortName>
  </dataset>
  <additionalMetadata>
    <metadata>
      <gbif>
        <dateStamp>2025-07-31T17:37:55-04:00</dateStamp>
        <hierarchyLevel>dataset</hierarchyLevel>
        <citation identifier="https://doi.org/10.82144/fc36f318">Myers, H. 2021. Passive acoustic monitoring of killer whales in the northern Gulf of Alaska. Version 1.0.0. Dataset published in OBIS-SEAMAP. https://doi.org/10.82144/fc36f318.</citation>
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              <formatName>Interactive map</formatName>
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            <online>
              <url function="download">https://seamap.env.duke.edu/dataset/2158</url>
            </online>
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        </physical>
        <physical>
          <objectName>FGDC Metadata</objectName>
          <characterEncoding>UTF-8</characterEncoding>
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              <url function="download">https://seamap.env.duke.edu/dataset/2158/fgdc</url>
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        <physical>
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            <online>
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        <collection>
          <parentCollectionIdentifier>OBIS-SEAMAP</parentCollectionIdentifier>
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          <collectionName>zd_2158</collectionName>
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        <bibliography>
          <citation identifier="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-99668-0">Myers, H.J., Olsen, D.W., Matkin, C.O., Horstmann, L.A., Konar, B. 2021. Passive acoustic monitoring of killer whales (Orcinus orca) reveals year-round distribution and residency patterns in the Gulf of Alaska. Scientific Reports: 20284.</citation>
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