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    <alternateIdentifier>https://obis.org/dataset/16510183-66c1-4a7d-a152-cad8f1379a8b</alternateIdentifier>
    <title xml:lang="eng">Killer whales off Peru during IMARPE surveys (1995-2003)</title>
    <creator>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Ignacio</givenName>
        <surName>Garc&#xED;a-Godos</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>Instituto del Mar del Per&#xFA;</organizationName>
      <positionName>Primary contact</positionName>
      <electronicMailAddress>agarcia@imarpe.gob.pe</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl/>
    </creator>
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      <organizationName>Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab, Duke University</organizationName>
      <positionName/>
      <address>
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        <city>Durham</city>
        <administrativeArea>NC</administrativeArea>
        <postalCode>27708</postalCode>
        <country>US</country>
      </address>
      <electronicMailAddress>seamap-contact@duke.edu</electronicMailAddress>
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        <surName>OBIS-SEAMAP</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab, Duke University</organizationName>
      <positionName/>
      <address>
        <deliveryPoint>A328 LSRC building</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Durham</city>
        <administrativeArea>NC</administrativeArea>
        <postalCode>27708</postalCode>
        <country>US</country>
      </address>
      <electronicMailAddress>seamap-contact@duke.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl>https://seamap.env.duke.edu</onlineUrl>
      <role>distributor</role>
    </associatedParty>
    <associatedParty>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Ignacio</givenName>
        <surName>Garc&#xED;a-Godos</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>Instituto del Mar del Per&#xFA;</organizationName>
      <positionName>Primary contact</positionName>
      <electronicMailAddress>agarcia@imarpe.gob.pe</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl/>
      <role>owner</role>
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    <pubDate>2025-07-31</pubDate>
    <language>eng</language>
    <abstract>
      <para>Original provider:
Instituto del Mar del Per&#xFA; (IMARPE)

Dataset credits:
Instituto del Mar del Per&#xFA; (IMARPE)

Abstract:
This dataset presents killer whale records off Peru taken
during 23 pelagic surveys conducted by the Instituto del
Mar del Peru (IMARPE). Sightings data were collected during three kinds of surveys conducted by IMARPE between 1995 and 2003:
1) Pelagic surveys for evaluating the Peruvian anchovy
(&lt;i&gt;Engraulis ringens&lt;/i&gt;) population, and other pelagic
resources, covering the entire Peruvian Sea, from the
coastline to 200n.m. offshore;
2) Demersal surveys to evaluate the hake (&lt;i&gt;Merluccius gayi&lt;/i&gt;) population off Northern Peru; and
3) oceanographic surveys to monitor ocean conditions covering the entire Peruvian sea out to 300 nm offshore.
</para>
    </abstract>
    <keywordSet>
      <keyword>Occurrence</keyword>
      <keywordThesaurus>GBIF Dataset Type Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_type.xml</keywordThesaurus>
    </keywordSet>
    <keywordSet>
      <keyword>Observation</keyword>
      <keywordThesaurus>GBIF Dataset Subtype Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_subtype.xml</keywordThesaurus>
    </keywordSet>
    <keywordSet>
      <keyword>Marine Biology</keyword>
      <keyword>Visual sighting</keyword>
      <keywordThesaurus>N/A</keywordThesaurus>
    </keywordSet>
    <additionalInfo>
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      <para/>
    </additionalInfo>
    <intellectualRights>
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      <para>This work is licensed under a <ulink url="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode"><citetitle>Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC-BY-NC) 4.0 License</citetitle></ulink>.</para>
    </intellectualRights>
    <distribution scope="document">
      <online>
        <url function="information">https://seamap.env.duke.edu/dataset/387</url>
      </online>
    </distribution>
    <coverage>
      <geographicCoverage>
        <geographicDescription>Oceans</geographicDescription>
        <boundingCoordinates>
          <westBoundingCoordinate>-83.01279</westBoundingCoordinate>
          <eastBoundingCoordinate>-70.945</eastBoundingCoordinate>
          <northBoundingCoordinate>-4.9833</northBoundingCoordinate>
          <southBoundingCoordinate>-18.3225</southBoundingCoordinate>
        </boundingCoordinates>
      </geographicCoverage>
      <temporalCoverage>
        <rangeOfDates>
          <beginDate>
            <calendarDate>1995-04-28</calendarDate>
          </beginDate>
          <endDate>
            <calendarDate>2003-02-28</calendarDate>
          </endDate>
        </rangeOfDates>
      </temporalCoverage>
      <taxonomicCoverage>
        <generalTaxonomicCoverage>Scientific names are based on the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).</generalTaxonomicCoverage>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Orcinus orca</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Killer whale</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
      </taxonomicCoverage>
    </coverage>
    <purpose>
      <para>Records of the killer whale (&lt;i&gt;Orcinus orca&lt;/i&gt;) in Peruvian
waters are scarce and mostly anecdotal. Despite reports
of many artisanal fishermen of occasional sightings of
killer whales, these records have not been confirmed,
resulting in a limited number of reliable reports of this
species off Peru during the last century. To date, no records
of strandings of killer whales are known for Peru. Due
to the high concentration of its potential prey (cetaceans
and pinnipeds) in the Peruvian waters this species would be expected to be more common than previously recorded.</para>
    </purpose>
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Available options for maintenanceUpdateFrequency
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      <description>
        <para/>
      </description>
      <maintenanceUpdateFrequency>notPlanned</maintenanceUpdateFrequency>
    </maintenance>
    <contact>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Ignacio</givenName>
        <surName>Garc&#xED;a-Godos</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>Instituto del Mar del Per&#xFA;</organizationName>
      <positionName>Primary contact</positionName>
      <electronicMailAddress>agarcia@imarpe.gob.pe</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl/>
    </contact>
    <methods>
      <methodStep>
        <description>
          <para>NA</para>
        </description>
      </methodStep>
      <sampling>
        <studyExtent>
          <description>
            <para>NA</para>
          </description>
        </studyExtent>
        <samplingDescription>
          <para>NA</para>
        </samplingDescription>
      </sampling>
    </methods>
    <project>
      <title>Killer whales off Peru during IMARPE surveys (1995-2003)</title>
      <personnel>
        <individualName>
          <givenName>Ignacio</givenName>
          <surName>Garc&#xED;a-Godos</surName>
        </individualName>
        <role>owner</role>
      </personnel>
      <funding>
        <para>NA</para>
      </funding>
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          <descriptorValue/>
        </descriptor>
      </studyAreaDescription>
      <designDescription>
        <description>
          <para/>
        </description>
      </designDescription>
    </project>
    <shortName>zd_387</shortName>
  </dataset>
  <additionalMetadata>
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      <gbif>
        <dateStamp>2025-07-31T14:14:02-04:00</dateStamp>
        <hierarchyLevel>dataset</hierarchyLevel>
        <citation identifier="https://doi.org/10.82144/b1633694">Garc&#xED;a-Godos, I. 2007. Killer whales off Peru during IMARPE surveys (1995-2003). Version 1.0.0. Dataset published in OBIS-SEAMAP. https://doi.org/10.82144/b1633694.</citation>
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        <collection>
          <parentCollectionIdentifier>OBIS-SEAMAP</parentCollectionIdentifier>
          <collectionIdentifier>zd_387</collectionIdentifier>
          <collectionName>zd_387</collectionName>
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        <bibliography>
          <citation>Garc&#xED;a-Godos, I. 2004. Killer Whale (Orcinus orca) occurrence off Peru, 1995 - 2003. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Mammals: 3(2):177-180.</citation>
        </bibliography>
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