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    <title xml:lang="eng">Harbor seals in Republic of Ireland in Aug 2003</title>
    <creator>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Michelle</givenName>
        <surName>Cronin</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>Coastal &amp; Marine Resources Centre, University College Cork</organizationName>
      <positionName>Primary contact</positionName>
      <electronicMailAddress>unknown@dummy.com</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl/>
    </creator>
    <metadataProvider>
      <individualName>
        <surName>OBIS-SEAMAP</surName>
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      <organizationName>Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab, Duke University</organizationName>
      <positionName/>
      <address>
        <deliveryPoint>A328 LSRC building</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Durham</city>
        <administrativeArea>NC</administrativeArea>
        <postalCode>27708</postalCode>
        <country>US</country>
      </address>
      <electronicMailAddress>seamap-contact@duke.edu</electronicMailAddress>
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        <surName>OBIS-SEAMAP</surName>
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      <organizationName>Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab, Duke University</organizationName>
      <positionName/>
      <address>
        <deliveryPoint>A328 LSRC building</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Durham</city>
        <administrativeArea>NC</administrativeArea>
        <postalCode>27708</postalCode>
        <country>US</country>
      </address>
      <electronicMailAddress>seamap-contact@duke.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl>https://seamap.env.duke.edu</onlineUrl>
      <role>distributor</role>
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    <associatedParty>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Michelle</givenName>
        <surName>Cronin</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>Coastal &amp; Marine Resources Centre, University College Cork</organizationName>
      <positionName>Primary contact</positionName>
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    <pubDate>2025-07-31</pubDate>
    <language>eng</language>
    <abstract>
      <para>Original provider:
National Parks and Wildlife Service, Dept. of Environment, Heritage and Local Government

Dataset credits:
National Parks and Wildlife Service, Dept. of Environment, Heritage and Local Government&lt;BR&gt;
Michelle Cronin, Coastal &amp; Marine Resources Centre, University College Cork

Abstract:
The status of Ireland's harbor seal &lt;i&gt;Phoca vitulina vitulina&lt;/i&gt; population is poorly understood. The most recent national population estimate dates back to the breeding season in 1978 and did not cover the entire coastline. Reliable up-to-date information on the abundance and distribution of harbor seals in Ireland is necessary to assess the conservation status of the species and for the effective identification, management and monitoring of special areas of conservation required for harbor seals under the European Union Habitats Directive. To provide comprehensive current information on Ireland's harbor seal population, a geographically extensive survey was conducted along the coastline of the Republic of Ireland during the species' annual moult in August 2003. This complemented a similar survey of Northern Ireland, which was conducted in 2002. Using thermal imaging technology, haul-out groups of harbor seals and grey seals &lt;i&gt;Halichoerus grypus&lt;/i&gt; were identified from the air, aerial-counts were obtained and compared with simultaneous ground-count data from selected sites. Harbor seal distribution recorded during the 2003 moult season was concentrated in the south-west, west and north-west of the country. This national survey yielded a minimum population estimate for the Republic of Ireland of 2905 harbor seals, delivering an effective baseline for current and future population research.
</para>
    </abstract>
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      <keyword>Occurrence</keyword>
      <keywordThesaurus>GBIF Dataset Type Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_type.xml</keywordThesaurus>
    </keywordSet>
    <keywordSet>
      <keyword>Observation</keyword>
      <keywordThesaurus>GBIF Dataset Subtype Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_subtype.xml</keywordThesaurus>
    </keywordSet>
    <keywordSet>
      <keyword>Marine Biology</keyword>
      <keyword>Visual sighting</keyword>
      <keyword>harbour seal</keyword>
      <keyword>minimum population estimate</keyword>
      <keyword>census</keyword>
      <keyword>thermal imagery</keyword>
      <keyword>Aircraft</keyword>
      <keyword>Sightings</keyword>
      <keywordThesaurus>N/A</keywordThesaurus>
    </keywordSet>
    <additionalInfo>
      <!-- Added for IPT2.3 on 2016-02-29. This field should include words "marine, harvested by iOBIS" for IPT -->
      <para>This dataset also includes ancillary grey seal data, showing summer terrestrial distribution of grey seals. This data cannot be used for estimating population size of grey seals as this is conducted during the winter breeding season.</para>
    </additionalInfo>
    <intellectualRights>
      <!-- Added for IPT2.3 on 2015-11-18 . TextType -->
      <para>This work is licensed under a <ulink url="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode"><citetitle>Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC-BY-NC) 4.0 License</citetitle></ulink>.</para>
    </intellectualRights>
    <distribution scope="document">
      <online>
        <url function="information">https://seamap.env.duke.edu/dataset/431</url>
      </online>
    </distribution>
    <coverage>
      <geographicCoverage>
        <geographicDescription>Oceans,Ireland</geographicDescription>
        <boundingCoordinates>
          <westBoundingCoordinate>-10.619641</westBoundingCoordinate>
          <eastBoundingCoordinate>-5.994215</eastBoundingCoordinate>
          <northBoundingCoordinate>55.450606</northBoundingCoordinate>
          <southBoundingCoordinate>51.468578</southBoundingCoordinate>
        </boundingCoordinates>
      </geographicCoverage>
      <temporalCoverage>
        <rangeOfDates>
          <beginDate>
            <calendarDate>2003-08-12</calendarDate>
          </beginDate>
          <endDate>
            <calendarDate>2003-08-20</calendarDate>
          </endDate>
        </rangeOfDates>
      </temporalCoverage>
      <taxonomicCoverage>
        <generalTaxonomicCoverage>Scientific names are based on the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).</generalTaxonomicCoverage>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Halichoerus grypus</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Atlantic gray seal</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Phoca vitulina</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Harbor seal</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
      </taxonomicCoverage>
    </coverage>
    <purpose>
      <para/>
    </purpose>
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Available options for maintenanceUpdateFrequency
daily|...|notPlanned|irregular|unknown
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      <description>
        <para/>
      </description>
      <maintenanceUpdateFrequency>notPlanned</maintenanceUpdateFrequency>
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    <contact>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Michelle</givenName>
        <surName>Cronin</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>Coastal &amp; Marine Resources Centre, University College Cork</organizationName>
      <positionName>Primary contact</positionName>
      <electronicMailAddress>unknown@dummy.com</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl/>
    </contact>
    <methods>
      <methodStep>
        <description>
          <para>NA</para>
        </description>
      </methodStep>
      <sampling>
        <studyExtent>
          <description>
            <para>NA</para>
          </description>
        </studyExtent>
        <samplingDescription>
          <para>NA</para>
        </samplingDescription>
      </sampling>
    </methods>
    <project>
      <title>Harbor seals in Republic of Ireland in Aug 2003</title>
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          <givenName>Michelle</givenName>
          <surName>Cronin</surName>
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        <role>owner</role>
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      <funding>
        <para>NA</para>
      </funding>
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      </studyAreaDescription>
      <designDescription>
        <description>
          <para/>
        </description>
      </designDescription>
    </project>
    <shortName>zd_431</shortName>
  </dataset>
  <additionalMetadata>
    <metadata>
      <gbif>
        <dateStamp>2025-07-31T14:17:35-04:00</dateStamp>
        <hierarchyLevel>dataset</hierarchyLevel>
        <citation identifier="https://doi.org/10.82144/b134bfc2">Cronin, M. 2011. Harbor seals in Republic of Ireland in Aug 2003. Version 1.0.0. Dataset published in OBIS-SEAMAP. https://doi.org/10.82144/b134bfc2.</citation>
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          <dataFormat>
            <externallyDefinedFormat>
              <formatName>Interactive map</formatName>
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          <distribution>
            <online>
              <url function="download">https://seamap.env.duke.edu/dataset/431</url>
            </online>
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        </physical>
        <physical>
          <objectName>FGDC Metadata</objectName>
          <characterEncoding>UTF-8</characterEncoding>
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              <url function="download">https://seamap.env.duke.edu/dataset/431/fgdc</url>
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          <distribution>
            <online>
              <url function="download">https://seamap.env.duke.edu/dataset/431/eml</url>
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        <!-- added for STAT on 2016/03/28 -->
        <collection>
          <parentCollectionIdentifier>OBIS-SEAMAP</parentCollectionIdentifier>
          <collectionIdentifier>zd_431</collectionIdentifier>
          <collectionName>zd_431</collectionName>
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        <bibliography>
          <citation>M. Cronin, C. Duck, O. O. Cadhla, R. Nairn, D. Strong and C. O'Keeffe. 2007. An assessment of population size and distribution of harbour seals in the Republic of Ireland during the moult season in August 2003. Journal of Zoology: Vol. 273 pp. 131-139.</citation>
        </bibliography>
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