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    <alternateIdentifier>https://obis.org/dataset/1a502495-ab12-4570-9ade-3579c5111ead</alternateIdentifier>
    <title xml:lang="eng">MMS Marine Mammal Survey, PNW 1989-1990</title>
    <creator>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Janet</givenName>
        <surName>Casey</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>Janet Casey</organizationName>
      <positionName>Primary contact</positionName>
      <electronicMailAddress>unknown@dummy.com</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl/>
    </creator>
    <creator>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Glenn</givenName>
        <surName>Ford</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>Glenn Ford</organizationName>
      <positionName>Primary contact</positionName>
      <electronicMailAddress>eci@teleport.com</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl/>
    </creator>
    <metadataProvider>
      <individualName>
        <surName>OBIS-SEAMAP</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab, Duke University</organizationName>
      <positionName/>
      <address>
        <deliveryPoint>A328 LSRC building</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Durham</city>
        <administrativeArea>NC</administrativeArea>
        <postalCode>27708</postalCode>
        <country>US</country>
      </address>
      <electronicMailAddress>seamap-contact@duke.edu</electronicMailAddress>
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        <surName>OBIS-SEAMAP</surName>
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      <organizationName>Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab, Duke University</organizationName>
      <positionName/>
      <address>
        <deliveryPoint>A328 LSRC building</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Durham</city>
        <administrativeArea>NC</administrativeArea>
        <postalCode>27708</postalCode>
        <country>US</country>
      </address>
      <electronicMailAddress>seamap-contact@duke.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl>https://seamap.env.duke.edu</onlineUrl>
      <role>distributor</role>
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    <associatedParty>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Janet</givenName>
        <surName>Casey</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>Janet Casey</organizationName>
      <positionName>Primary contact</positionName>
      <electronicMailAddress>unknown@dummy.com</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl/>
      <role>owner</role>
    </associatedParty>
    <associatedParty>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Glenn</givenName>
        <surName>Ford</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>Glenn Ford</organizationName>
      <positionName>Primary contact</positionName>
      <electronicMailAddress>eci@teleport.com</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl/>
      <role>owner</role>
    </associatedParty>
    <pubDate>2025-07-31</pubDate>
    <language>eng</language>
    <abstract>
      <para>Original provider:
Minerals Management Service

Dataset credits:
Minerals Management Service

Abstract:
This dataset is from the Oregon and Washington marine mammal and seabird surveys studies: Oregon/Washington aerial [mammal observations] study code: OM, Contract number: 14-12-0001-30426,
Principal investigators: G. A. Green, Ebasco Environmental, Bellevue, Washington, M. L. Bonnell and K. T. Briggs, Ecological Consulting, Inc., Portland, Oregon. 

Time period: April 1989 through October 1990 
Study area: Pacific Ocean waters of Oregon and Washington from the coast to approximately 60 nautical miles offshore. 

Methodology: Aerial surveys were conducted along 32 pre-established transects designed to systematically sample marine mammal and seabird abundance in all waters of the study area. Coastal surveys and one shelf break survey were also conducted. Standard transects provided systematic coverage of shelf, slope, and offshore waters in the study area. Sightings of seabirds, pinnipeds, cetaceans, and turtles were recorded.  Seabird sightings were recorded only on the shaded side of the aircraft within a strip transect of 50 m width. Marine mammal and turtle sightings were recorded within an unbounded corridor. Declination angle was measured and noted for each marine mammal/turtle sightings and later used to calculate a probability density function of frequency with right-angle sighting distance. Navigation was by Loran and VLF-Omega.  One ship survey was also conducted from aboard the NOAA ship Miller Freeman during August 1989. 

Databases produced: 1) sightings of seabirds and marine mammals on 12 aerial surveys and one ship cruise, and 2) sightings of cetaceans on 12 aerial surveys and one ship cruise.
</para>
    </abstract>
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    <keywordSet>
      <keyword>Observation</keyword>
      <keywordThesaurus>GBIF Dataset Subtype Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_subtype.xml</keywordThesaurus>
    </keywordSet>
    <keywordSet>
      <keyword>Marine Biology</keyword>
      <keyword>Visual sighting</keyword>
      <keyword>Marine Animal Survey</keyword>
      <keyword>Marine mammals</keyword>
      <keyword>Sea turtles</keyword>
      <keyword>Vessel</keyword>
      <keyword>Visual Sighting</keyword>
      <keywordThesaurus>N/A</keywordThesaurus>
    </keywordSet>
    <additionalInfo>
      <!-- Added for IPT2.3 on 2016-02-29. This field should include words "marine, harvested by iOBIS" for IPT -->
      <para/>
    </additionalInfo>
    <intellectualRights>
      <!-- Added for IPT2.3 on 2015-11-18 . TextType -->
      <para>This work is licensed under a <ulink url="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode"><citetitle>Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC-BY-NC) 4.0 License</citetitle></ulink>.</para>
    </intellectualRights>
    <distribution scope="document">
      <online>
        <url function="information">https://seamap.env.duke.edu/dataset/45</url>
      </online>
    </distribution>
    <coverage>
      <geographicCoverage>
        <geographicDescription>Oceans,Northeastern Pacific Ocean</geographicDescription>
        <boundingCoordinates>
          <westBoundingCoordinate>-126.88667</westBoundingCoordinate>
          <eastBoundingCoordinate>-123.92333</eastBoundingCoordinate>
          <northBoundingCoordinate>48.39833</northBoundingCoordinate>
          <southBoundingCoordinate>42.02667</southBoundingCoordinate>
        </boundingCoordinates>
      </geographicCoverage>
      <temporalCoverage>
        <rangeOfDates>
          <beginDate>
            <calendarDate>1989-04-23</calendarDate>
          </beginDate>
          <endDate>
            <calendarDate>1990-10-03</calendarDate>
          </endDate>
        </rangeOfDates>
      </temporalCoverage>
      <taxonomicCoverage>
        <generalTaxonomicCoverage>Scientific names are based on the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).</generalTaxonomicCoverage>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Balaenoptera acutorostrata</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Common minke whale</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Balaenoptera physalus</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Fin whale</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Berardius bairdii</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Baird's beaked whale</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Callorhinus ursinus</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Northern fur seal</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>suborder</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Caniformia</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Pinnipeds</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>order</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Cetacea</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Cetaceans</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Coryphaena hippurus</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Dolphinfish</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Dermochelys coriacea</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Leatherback sea turtle</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Enhydra lutris</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Sea otter</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Eschrichtius robustus</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Gray whale</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Eumetopias jubatus</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Steller sea lion</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Grampus griseus</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Risso's dolphin</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>genus</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Kogia</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Pygmy sperm whales</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Lagenorhynchus obliquidens</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Pacific white-sided dolphin</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Lissodelphis borealis</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Northern right whale dolphin</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Megaptera novaeangliae</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Humpback whale</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>genus</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Mesoplodon</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Beaked whales</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Mirounga angustirostris</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Northern elephant seal</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Orcinus orca</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Killer whale</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>family</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Otariidae</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Eared seals</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Phoca vitulina</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Harbor seal</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Phocoena phocoena</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Harbor porpoise</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Phocoenoides dalli</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Dall's porpoise</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Physeter macrocephalus</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Sperm whale</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Zalophus californianus</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>California sea lion</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
      </taxonomicCoverage>
    </coverage>
    <purpose>
      <para>Objectives of the study were to review and analyze all available literature and databases concerning marine mammal and seabird diversity, distribution, and abundance in the Oregon-Washington coastal and offshore areas, to conduct field surveys over a 18-month period, and to prepare reports summarizing the findings.</para>
    </purpose>
    <!-- Added for IPT2.3 on 2015-11-18 
Available options for maintenanceUpdateFrequency
daily|...|notPlanned|irregular|unknown
-->
    <maintenance>
      <description>
        <para/>
      </description>
      <maintenanceUpdateFrequency>notPlanned</maintenanceUpdateFrequency>
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    <contact>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Janet</givenName>
        <surName>Casey</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>Janet Casey</organizationName>
      <positionName>Primary contact</positionName>
      <electronicMailAddress>unknown@dummy.com</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl/>
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    <contact>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Glenn</givenName>
        <surName>Ford</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>Glenn Ford</organizationName>
      <positionName>Primary contact</positionName>
      <electronicMailAddress>eci@teleport.com</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl/>
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    <methods>
      <methodStep>
        <description>
          <para>NA</para>
        </description>
      </methodStep>
      <sampling>
        <studyExtent>
          <description>
            <para>NA</para>
          </description>
        </studyExtent>
        <samplingDescription>
          <para>NA</para>
        </samplingDescription>
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    <project>
      <title>MMS Marine Mammal Survey, PNW 1989-1990</title>
      <personnel>
        <individualName>
          <givenName>Janet</givenName>
          <surName>Casey</surName>
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        <role>owner</role>
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      <personnel>
        <individualName>
          <givenName>Glenn</givenName>
          <surName>Ford</surName>
        </individualName>
        <role>owner</role>
      </personnel>
      <funding>
        <para>NA</para>
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          <descriptorValue/>
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      <designDescription>
        <description>
          <para/>
        </description>
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    <shortName>zd_45</shortName>
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        <dateStamp>2025-07-31T14:02:53-04:00</dateStamp>
        <hierarchyLevel>dataset</hierarchyLevel>
        <citation identifier="https://doi.org/10.82144/20f7148b">Ford, G. and J. Casey. 2013. MMS Marine Mammal Survey, PNW 1989-1990. Version 2.0.0. Dataset published in OBIS-SEAMAP. https://doi.org/10.82144/20f7148b.</citation>
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            <online>
              <url function="download">https://seamap.env.duke.edu/dataset/45/eml</url>
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        <!-- added for STAT on 2016/03/28 -->
        <collection>
          <parentCollectionIdentifier>OBIS-SEAMAP</parentCollectionIdentifier>
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        <bibliography>
          <citation>Green, G. A., J. J. Breuggeman, C. E. Bowlby, R. A. Grotefendt, M. L. Bonnell, and K. T. Balcomb, III. 1991. Cetacean distribution and abundance off Oregon and Washington, 1989-1990. Final Report prepared by Ebasco Environmental, Bellevue, WA, and Ecological Consulting, Inc. , Portland, OR, for the Minerals Management Service, Pacific OCS Region. OCS Study MMS: 91-0093. 100 pp.</citation>
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