<?xml version="1.0"?>
<metadata>
  <idinfo>
    <taxonomy><taxonsys><classsys><classcit><citeinfo><origin>Integrated Taxonomic Information System</origin><title>Integrated Taxonomic Information System</title><onlink>http://www.itis.usda.gov/</onlink><othercit>Downloaded April, 2004</othercit></citeinfo></classcit></classsys><ider><cntinfo><cntorgp><cntorg>Refer to the contact information of the dataset</cntorg></cntorgp></cntinfo></ider></taxonsys><taxoncl><taxonrn>Kingdom</taxonrn><taxonrv>Animalia</taxonrv><taxontsn>202423</taxontsn><taxoncl><taxonrn>Phylum</taxonrn><taxonrv>Chordata</taxonrv><taxontsn>158852</taxontsn><taxoncl><taxonrn>Subphylum</taxonrn><taxonrv>Vertebrata</taxonrv><taxontsn>331030</taxontsn><taxoncl><taxonrn>Class</taxonrn><taxonrv>Mammalia</taxonrv><taxontsn>179913</taxontsn><taxoncl><taxonrn>Subclass</taxonrn><taxonrv>Theria</taxonrv><taxontsn>179916</taxontsn><taxoncl><taxonrn>Infraclass</taxonrn><taxonrv>Eutheria</taxonrv><taxontsn>179925</taxontsn><taxoncl><taxonrn>Order</taxonrn><taxonrv>Cetacea</taxonrv><taxontsn>180403</taxontsn><taxoncl><taxonrn>Suborder</taxonrn><taxonrv>Mysticeti</taxonrv><taxontsn>552298</taxontsn><taxoncl><taxonrn>Family</taxonrn><taxonrv>Balaenopteridae</taxonrv><taxontsn>180522</taxontsn><taxoncl><taxonrn>Genus</taxonrn><taxonrv>Balaenoptera</taxonrv><taxontsn>180523</taxontsn><taxoncl><taxonrn>Species</taxonrn><taxonrv>Balaenoptera bonaerensis</taxonrv><taxontsn>612592</taxontsn></taxoncl><taxoncl><taxonrn>Species</taxonrn><taxonrv>Balaenoptera borealis</taxonrv><taxontsn>180526</taxontsn></taxoncl><taxoncl><taxonrn>Species</taxonrn><taxonrv>Balaenoptera musculus</taxonrv><taxontsn>180528</taxontsn></taxoncl><taxoncl><taxonrn>Species</taxonrn><taxonrv>Balaenoptera physalus</taxonrv><taxontsn>180527</taxontsn></taxoncl></taxoncl></taxoncl></taxoncl><taxoncl><taxonrn>Suborder</taxonrn><taxonrv>Odontoceti</taxonrv><taxontsn>180404</taxontsn><taxoncl><taxonrn>Family</taxonrn><taxonrv>Delphinidae</taxonrv><taxontsn>180415</taxontsn></taxoncl></taxoncl></taxoncl></taxoncl></taxoncl></taxoncl></taxoncl></taxoncl></taxoncl></taxonomy>
  <datacred>Dr. Pallipuram Jayasankar, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute</datacred><descript><abstract>A multi-disciplinary and multi-institutional pilot expedition was organized by the National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research (NCAOR) to the ice-free areas of the Western Indian Ocean sector of the Southern Ocean onboard ORV Sagar Kanya during the austral summer of 2004 (January-March). This survey, conducted by the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), is the first Indian attempt to survey for cetacean diversity in the Southern Ocean. The ultimate objective is to determine distribution, relative abundance, migration patterns and critical habitat parameters. 68% of a total of 13 sightings (22 individuals) were positively identified and species observed included Antarctic minke whales (&lt;i&gt;Balaenoptera bonaerensis&lt;/i&gt;), fin whales (&lt;i&gt;B. physalus&lt;/i&gt;), sei whales (&lt;i&gt;B. borealis&lt;/i&gt;) and blue whales (&lt;i&gt;B. musculus&lt;/i&gt;). The blue whales were not identified to the sub-species level. The highest concentration of cetaceans was between 35&#xB0; and 37&#xB0;S (along 45&#xB0;E) and between 48&#xB0; and 53&#xB0;S (along 45&#xB0;E). Relatively small numbers of cetaceans were observed during the present cruise, possibly because most of the cetacean sighting effort was made during inclement sea conditions. Results on the sighting characteristics and occurrence patterns of the cetaceans in relation to the region and hydrographical parameters are discussed briefly &lt;i&gt;vis a vis&lt;/i&gt; published information from the Southern Ocean.</abstract><supplinf>Two sightings on Feb 15, 2004 were sighted together.</supplinf><purpose>To get a first hand information on the occurrence of cetaceans in the Southern Ocean as a part of first Indian attempt.</purpose></descript><citation><citeinfo><origin>Jayasankar, P</origin><pubdate>2008</pubdate><title>Cetaceans in the Southern Indian Ocean 2004</title><onlink>https://doi.org/10.82144/3676a72d</onlink><serinfo><sername>OBIS-SEAMAP</sername><issue>468</issue></serinfo><pubinfo><pubplace>http://seamap.env.duke.edu/dataset/468</pubplace><publish>OBIS-SEAMAP</publish></pubinfo><edition>Version 1.0.0</edition></citeinfo></citation><timeperd><current>ground condition</current><timeinfo><rngdates><begdate>2004-01-24</begdate><enddate>2004-02-29</enddate></rngdates></timeinfo></timeperd><status><progress>Complete</progress><update>None planned</update></status><spdom><bounding><westbc>44.857167</westbc><eastbc>57.4725</eastbc><northbc>-22.506833</northbc><southbc>-53.475</southbc></bounding><lboundng><leftbc>44.857167</leftbc><rightbc>57.4725</rightbc><topbc>-22.506833</topbc><bottombc>-53.475</bottombc></lboundng></spdom><keywords><theme><themekt>Platform</themekt><themekey>Vessels</themekey><themekey>Sightings</themekey></theme><theme><themekt>User defined</themekt><themekey>CETACEAN SIGHTINGS; ANTARCTIC MINKE WHALE; FIN WHALE; HUMPBACK WHALE; SEI WHALE; BLUE WHALE; SURVEY-VESSEL; DISTRIBUTION</themekey></theme><place><placekt>User defined</placekt><placekey>SOUTHERN OCEAN; SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE</placekey></place></keywords><accconst>Open public unless otherwise noted. See Use Constraints for details.</accconst><useconst>1. Not to use data obtained from OBIS-SEAMAP in any publication, product, or commercial application without proper attribution to the original data provider(s) and OBIS-SEAMAP unless the datasets are explicitly shown under the CC0 policy. Citations or credits are suggested as attribution. If the data you downloaded come from multiple datasets, a citation or credit to each of the datasets is required.

Suggested citation for this dataset

Jayasankar, P. 2008. Cetaceans in the Southern Indian Ocean 2004. Data downloaded from OBIS-SEAMAP (http://seamap.env.duke.edu/dataset/468) on yyyy-mm-dd.

Suggested citation for OBIS-SEAMAP:

Halpin, P.N., A.J. Read, E. Fujioka, B.D. Best, B. Donnelly, L.J. Hazen, C. Kot, K. Urian, E. LaBrecque, A. Dimatteo, J. Cleary, C. Good, L.B. Crowder, and K.D. Hyrenbach. 2009. OBIS-SEAMAP: The world data center for marine mammal, sea bird, and sea turtle distributions. Oceanography 22(2):104-115

2. To forward the citation of any publication / report that made use of the data / tools provided by OBIS-SEAMAP for inclusion in our list of references.

3. Not to hold OBIS-SEAMAP or the original data providers liable for errors in the data. While we have made every effort to ensure the quality of the database, we cannot guarantee the accuracy of these datasets. 

4. The burden for determining fitness for use of the downloaded data for any analyses lies entirely with the user. OBIS-SEAMAP or the original data providers do not support outcomes of your analyses that used the data you downloaded from OBIS-SEAMAP.

5. To consider inclusion of the accompanying transect (effort) dataset if available into the methodology of your analyses.

6. Not to redistribute the data you downloaded from OBIS-SEAMAP through any media without contect from OBIS-SEAMAP and the original data providers unless the datasets are explicitly shown under the CC0 policy.</useconst><natvform>Shapefile</natvform><crossref><citeinfo><origin>Jayasankar, P., A.A. Krishnan, M. Rajagopalan and P.K. Krishnakumar</origin><pubdate>2007</pubdate><title>A note on observations on cetaceans in the western Indian sector of the Southern Ocean (20-56&#xB0;S and 45-57&#xB0;30'E), January to March 2004</title><onlink/><serinfo><sername>Journal of Cetacean Research and Management</sername><issue>9(3):263-267</issue></serinfo></citeinfo></crossref><crossref><citeinfo><origin>De Boer, M.N.</origin><pubdate>2000</pubdate><title>Observations on occurence and distribution of cetaceans in the Southern Ocean Sanctuary and southern part of the Indian Ocean Sanctuary</title><onlink/><serinfo><sername>Paper SC/52/O9 presented to the IWC Scientific Committee, June 2000, in Adelaide, Australia</sername><issue>10pp.</issue></serinfo></citeinfo></crossref><crossref><citeinfo><origin>Pandey, P.C., N. Khare and M. Sudhaker</origin><pubdate>2006</pubdate><title>Oceanographic research: Indian efforts and preliminary results from the Southern Ocean</title><onlink/><serinfo><sername>Current Science</sername><issue>90(7): 978-84.</issue></serinfo></citeinfo></crossref><ptcontac><cntinfo><cntperp><cntper>Pallipuram Jayasankar</cntper><cntorg>Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture</cntorg></cntperp><cntpos/><cntaddr><addrtype>mailing and physical address</addrtype><address/><city>Kausalyaganga</city><state>Bhubaneswar</state><postal>751 002</postal><country>India</country></cntaddr><cntemail>jayasankarp@vsnl.com</cntemail><cntvoice/><cntfax/></cntinfo></ptcontac><crossref><citeinfo><origin>Halpin, P.N., A.J. Read, E. Fujioka, B.D. Best, B. Donnelly, L.J. Hazen, C. Kot, K. Urian, E. LaBrecque, A. Dimatteo, J. Cleary, C. Good, L.B. Crowder, and K.D. Hyrenbach</origin><pubdate>2009</pubdate><title>OBIS-SEAMAP: The world data center for marine mammal, sea bird, and sea turtle distributions</title><serinfo><sername>Oceanography</sername><issue>22(2):104-115</issue></serinfo><onlink>http://www.tos.org/oceanography/article/obis-seamap-the-world-data-center-for-marine-mammal-sea-bird-and-sea-turtle</onlink></citeinfo></crossref></idinfo>
<distinfo><distrib><cntinfo><cntorgp><cntper>OBIS-SEAMAP</cntper><cntorg>Nicholas School of Environment, Duke Univ.</cntorg></cntorgp><cntpos/><cntaddr><addrtype>mailing and physical address</addrtype><address>A328, LSRC</address><city>Durham</city><state>NC</state><postal>27708</postal><country>USA</country></cntaddr><cntvoice>919-613-8021</cntvoice><cntemail>seamap-contact@duke.edu</cntemail><cntefax/></cntinfo></distrib><distliab>Not to hold OBIS-SEAMAP liable for errors in the data. While we have made every effort to ensure the quality of the database, we cannot guarantee the accuracy of these datasets.&#xD;
Also please refer to Use Constraints.</distliab><stdorder><fees>Free</fees><ordering>Go to the OBIS-SEAMAP web site</ordering><digform><digtinfo><formname>zip</formname><filedec>zipped shapefile</filedec></digtinfo><digtopt><onlinopt><computer><networka><networkr>http://seamap.env.duke.edu/dataset/468</networkr></networka></computer></onlinopt></digtopt></digform></stdorder></distinfo><metainfo><metc><cntinfo><cntperp><cntper>Ei Fujioka</cntper><cntorg>Duke University</cntorg></cntperp><cntpos/><cntaddr><addrtype>mailing and physical address</addrtype><address>LSRC A328</address><city>Durham</city><state>NC</state><country>USA</country><postal>27708</postal></cntaddr><cntemail>efujioka@duke.edu</cntemail><cntvoice>919-613-8021</cntvoice></cntinfo></metc><metextns><onlink>http://www.nbii.gov/</onlink><metprof>Biological Data Profile</metprof></metextns><metd>2008-08-22</metd><metrd>2012-04-04</metrd></metainfo><dataqual><posacc><horizpa><horizpar/></horizpa><vertacc><vertaccr/></vertacc></posacc><attracc><attraccr/></attracc><complete/></dataqual><eainfo><overview><eadetcit>Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute</eadetcit><eaover/></overview><detailed><attr><attrlabl>obs_date</attrlabl><attrdef>Date</attrdef></attr><attr><attrlabl>species</attrlabl><attrdef>Species name</attrdef></attr><attr><attrlabl>sp_tsn</attrlabl><attrdef>ITIS taxonomic serial number</attrdef></attr><attr><attrlabl>num_sightings</attrlabl><attrdef>Number of sightings</attrdef></attr><attr><attrlabl>obs_count</attrlabl><attrdef>Number of individuals</attrdef></attr><attr><attrlabl>latitude</attrlabl><attrdef>Latitude (decimal degree)</attrdef></attr><attr><attrlabl>longitude</attrlabl><attrdef>Longitude (decimal degree)</attrdef></attr><attr><attrlabl>depth</attrlabl><attrdef>Depth (m)</attrdef></attr><attr><attrlabl>sst</attrlabl><attrdef>SST (degree Celcius)</attrdef></attr><attr><attrlabl>salinity</attrlabl><attrdef>Salinity</attrdef></attr><attr><attrlabl>notes</attrlabl><attrdef>Added by OBIS-SEAMAP</attrdef></attr><attr><attrlabl>oid</attrlabl><attrdef>Unique ID number (generated by SEAMAP)</attrdef></attr></detailed></eainfo><spref><horizsys><cordsysn><geogcsn>GCS_WGS_1984</geogcsn></cordsysn><geograph><geogunit>Decimal degrees</geogunit><latres>0.000167</latres><longres>0.000167</longres></geograph><geodetic><horizdn>D_WGS_1984</horizdn><ellips>WGS_1984</ellips><semiaxis>6378137.000000</semiaxis><denflat>298.257224</denflat></geodetic></horizsys></spref></metadata>
