<?xml version="1.0"?>
<metadata>
  <idinfo>
    <taxonomy><taxonsys><classsys><classcit><citeinfo><origin>Integrated Taxonomic Information System</origin><title>Integrated Taxonomic Information System</title><onlink>http://www.itis.usda.gov/</onlink><othercit>Downloaded April, 2004</othercit></citeinfo></classcit></classsys><ider><cntinfo><cntorgp><cntorg>Refer to the contact information of the dataset</cntorg></cntorgp></cntinfo></ider></taxonsys><taxoncl><taxonrn>Kingdom</taxonrn><taxonrv>Animalia</taxonrv><taxontsn>202423</taxontsn><taxoncl><taxonrn>Phylum</taxonrn><taxonrv>Chordata</taxonrv><taxontsn>158852</taxontsn><taxoncl><taxonrn>Subphylum</taxonrn><taxonrv>Vertebrata</taxonrv><taxontsn>331030</taxontsn><taxoncl><taxonrn>Class</taxonrn><taxonrv>Aves</taxonrv><taxontsn>174371</taxontsn><taxoncl><taxonrn>Order</taxonrn><taxonrv>Ciconiiformes</taxonrv><taxontsn>174770</taxontsn><taxoncl><taxonrn>Family</taxonrn><taxonrv>Diomedeidae</taxonrv><taxontsn>174513</taxontsn><taxoncl><taxonrn>Genus</taxonrn><taxonrv>Phoebastria</taxonrv><taxontsn>553521</taxontsn><taxoncl><taxonrn>Species</taxonrn><taxonrv>Phoebastria immutabilis</taxonrv><taxontsn>554378</taxontsn></taxoncl><taxoncl><taxonrn>Species</taxonrn><taxonrv>Phoebastria nigripes</taxonrv><taxontsn>554379</taxontsn></taxoncl></taxoncl></taxoncl></taxoncl></taxoncl></taxoncl></taxoncl></taxoncl></taxonomy>
  <datacred>Scott Shaffer, Michelle Kappes, Bill Henry, Yann Tremblay, Melinda Conners, Dan Costa, and the TOPP program</datacred><descript><supplinf>ARGOS points used for the dataset extent, inferred track and population of upstream OBIS archive were filtered according to McConnell et al. (1992), with a maximum velocity of 100 km/hr, or 27.8 m/s using the vmask function in the argosfilter R package (Frietas et al. 2008). This is the recommended method by the TOPP Seabird Research Team and others from the Global Procellariiform Tracking Workshop Report (Taylor 2004).&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xD;
References:&lt;br&gt;&#xD;
Freitas, C., C. Lydersen, M.A. Fedak, and K.M. Kovacs. 2008. A simple new algorithm to filter marine mammal Argos locations. Marine Mammal Science, 24(2): 315-325.&lt;br&gt;&#xD;
McConnell, B.J., C. Chambers and M.A. Fedak. 1992. Foraging ecology of southern elephant seals in relation to the bathymetry and productivity of the Southern Ocean. Antarctic Science, 4(04): 393-398.&lt;br&gt;&#xD;
Taylor, F. 2004. Methods. In: J.P. Croxall (ed.). Global Procellariiform Tracking Workshop Report. BirdLife International, Cambridge, p. 3.</supplinf><abstract>Laysan (&lt;i&gt;Phoebastria immutabilis&lt;/i&gt;) and black-footed (&lt;i&gt;P. nigripes&lt;/i&gt;) albatrosses were studied using Microwave Pico-100 and Wildlife Computers SPOT 4 satellite transmitters. Birds were studied at Tern Island, French Frigate Shoals, Northwest Hawaiian Islands (23.872 N, 166.272 W) from December 2002 to March 2009. The primary tracking period covers the incubation and chick-brooding phases during each year. In nearly all cases, albatrosses were equipped with a tag for a single trip to sea. Trip durations range from 1-32 days in duration and some albatrosses traveled over 15,000 km in a single trip.</abstract><purpose>The purpose of this research was to examine:&lt;br&gt;&#xD;
1) albatross distribution during breeding and post breeding phases,&lt;br&gt;&#xD;
2) characterize oceanic habitat of albatross habitat,&lt;br&gt;&#xD;
3) how both albatross species partition oceanic habitats,&lt;br&gt;&#xD;
4) commonalities in the distribution or physical features of their environment,&lt;br&gt;&#xD;
5) overlap and possible interaction with other TOPP organisms (e.g., elephant seals, tuna, sea turtles), and&lt;br&gt;&#xD;
6) highlight conservation priorities such as overlap with fisheries</purpose></descript><citation><citeinfo><origin>Shaffer, S. and D. Costa</origin><pubdate>2025</pubdate><title>TOPP Albatrosses 2002-06</title><onlink>https://doi.org/10.82144/f3b5323e</onlink><serinfo><sername>OBIS-SEAMAP</sername><issue>477</issue></serinfo><pubinfo><pubplace>https://seamap.env.duke.edu/dataset/477</pubplace><publish>OBIS-SEAMAP</publish></pubinfo><edition>Version 1.0.1</edition><geoform>vector digital data</geoform></citeinfo></citation><timeperd><current>ground condition</current><timeinfo><rngdates><begdate>20021215</begdate><enddate>20060309</enddate></rngdates></timeinfo></timeperd><status><progress>Complete</progress><update>None planned</update></status><spdom><bounding><westbc>0</westbc><eastbc>290.553</eastbc><northbc>61.311</northbc><southbc>-16.522</southbc></bounding><lboundng><leftbc>146.822</leftbc><rightbc>257.625</rightbc><topbc>57.193</topbc><bottombc>16.55</bottombc></lboundng><descgeog>Northwest Hawaiian Islands</descgeog></spdom><keywords><theme><themekt>None</themekt><themekey>albatrosses</themekey><themekey>Laysan</themekey><themekey>black-footed</themekey><themekey>Argos</themekey><themekey>PTT</themekey><themekey>incubation</themekey><themekey>chick brooding</themekey><themekey>Radio transmitters</themekey><themekey>Animal movements</themekey></theme><place><placekt>None</placekt><placekey>Northwest Hawaiian Islands</placekey><placekey>Tern Island</placekey><placekey>French Frigate Shoals</placekey></place></keywords><accconst>Open public unless otherwise noted. See Use Constraints for details.</accconst><useconst>1. Not to use data obtained from OBIS-SEAMAP in any publication, product, or commercial application without proper attribution to the original data provider(s) and OBIS-SEAMAP unless the datasets are explicitly shown under the CC0 policy. Citations or credits are suggested as attribution. If the data you downloaded come from multiple datasets, a citation or credit to each of the datasets is required.&#xD;
&#xD;
Suggested citation for this dataset:&#xD;
&#xD;
Shaffer, S. and D. Costa. 2025. TOPP Albatrosses 2002-06. Version 1.0.1. Dataset published in OBIS-SEAMAP. https://doi.org/10.82144/f3b5323e.&#xD;
&#xD;
Suggested citation for OBIS-SEAMAP:&#xD;
&#xD;
Halpin, P.N., A.J. Read, E. Fujioka, B.D. Best, B. Donnelly, L.J. Hazen, C. Kot, K. Urian, E. LaBrecque, A. Dimatteo, J. Cleary, C. Good, L.B. Crowder, and K.D. Hyrenbach. 2009. OBIS-SEAMAP: The world data center for marine mammal, sea bird, and sea turtle distributions. Oceanography 22(2):104-115&#xD;
&#xD;
2. To forward the citation of any publication / report that made use of the data / tools provided by OBIS-SEAMAP for inclusion in our list of references.&#xD;
&#xD;
3. Not to hold OBIS-SEAMAP or the original data providers liable for errors in the data. While we have made every effort to ensure the quality of the database, we cannot guarantee the accuracy of these datasets. &#xD;
&#xD;
4. The burden for determining fitness for use of the downloaded data for any analyses lies entirely with the user. OBIS-SEAMAP or the original data providers do not support outcomes of your analyses that used the data you downloaded from OBIS-SEAMAP.&#xD;
&#xD;
5. To consider inclusion of the accompanying transect (effort) dataset if available into the methodology of your analyses.&#xD;
&#xD;
6. Not to redistribute the data you downloaded from OBIS-SEAMAP through any media without contect from OBIS-SEAMAP and the original data providers unless the datasets are explicitly shown under the CC0 policy.</useconst><natvform>Shapefile</natvform><ptcontac><cntinfo><cntperp><cntper>Dan Costa; Scott Shaffer</cntper><cntorg>University of California, Santa Cruz; San Jose State University</cntorg></cntperp><cntpos/><cntaddr><addrtype>mailing and physical address</addrtype><address>n/a; Department of Biological Sciences</address><city>n/a; San Jose</city><state>n/a; CA</state><postal>n/a; 95192-0100</postal><country>n/a; USA</country></cntaddr><cntvoice>n/a; 408 924 4871</cntvoice><cntemail>costa@biology.ucsc.edu; scott.shaffer@sjsu.edu</cntemail><cntfax/></cntinfo></ptcontac><native>Relational database</native><crossref><citeinfo><origin>Kappes, M.A., S.A. Shaffer, Y. Tremblay, D.G. Foley, D.M. Palacios, P.W. Robinson, S.J. Bograd and D.P. Costa</origin><pubdate>2010</pubdate><title>Hawaiian albatrosses track interannual variability of marine habitats in the North Pacific</title><geoform>vector digital data</geoform><serinfo><sername>Progress in Oceanography</sername><issue>86(1-2): 246-260</issue></serinfo></citeinfo></crossref><crossref><citeinfo><origin>Shaffer, S.A., Y. Tremblay, J.A. Awkerman, W.R. Henry, S.L.H. Teo, D.J. Anderson, D.A. Croll, B.A. Block and D.P. Costa</origin><pubdate>2005</pubdate><title>Comparison of light- and SST-based geolocation with satellite telemetry in free-ranging albatrosses</title><geoform>vector digital data</geoform><serinfo><sername>Marine Biology</sername><issue>147: 833-843</issue></serinfo><onlink>http://escholarship.org/uc/item/41h657d8.pdf</onlink></citeinfo></crossref><crossref><citeinfo><origin>Robinson, P.W., Y. Tremblay, D.E. Crocker, M.A. Kappes, C.E. Kuhn, S.A. Shaffer, S.E. Simmons and D.P. Costa</origin><pubdate>2007</pubdate><title>A comparison of indirect measures of feeding behaviour based  on ARGOS tracking data</title><geoform>vector digital data</geoform><serinfo><sername>Deep Sea Research II</sername><issue>54: 356&#x2013;368</issue></serinfo><onlink>http://bio.research.ucsc.edu/people/costa/PDFs/Pubs/Robinson2007DSRII54.pdf</onlink></citeinfo></crossref><crossref><citeinfo><origin>Halpin, P.N., A.J. Read, E. Fujioka, B.D. Best, B. Donnelly, L.J. Hazen, C. Kot, K. Urian, E. LaBrecque, A. Dimatteo, J. Cleary, C. Good, L.B. Crowder, and K.D. Hyrenbach</origin><pubdate>2009</pubdate><title>OBIS-SEAMAP: The world data center for marine mammal, sea bird, and sea turtle distributions</title><serinfo><sername>Oceanography</sername><issue>22(2):104-115</issue></serinfo></citeinfo></crossref></idinfo>
<distinfo><distrib><cntinfo><cntorgp><cntper>OBIS-SEAMAP</cntper><cntorg>Nicholas School of Environment, Duke Univ.</cntorg></cntorgp><cntpos/><cntaddr><addrtype>mailing and physical address</addrtype><address>A328, LSRC</address><city>Durham</city><state>NC</state><postal>27708</postal><country>USA</country></cntaddr><cntvoice>919-613-8021</cntvoice><cntemail>seamap-contact@duke.edu</cntemail></cntinfo></distrib><distliab>Not to hold OBIS-SEAMAP liable for errors in the data. While we have made every effort to ensure the quality of the database, we cannot guarantee the accuracy of these datasets.&#xD;
Also please refer to Use Constraints.</distliab><stdorder><fees>Free</fees><ordering>Go to the OBIS-SEAMAP web site</ordering><digform><digtinfo><formname>zip</formname><filedec>zipped shapefile</filedec></digtinfo><digtopt><onlinopt><computer><networka><networkr>http://seamap.env.duke.edu/dataset/477</networkr></networka></computer></onlinopt></digtopt></digform></stdorder><resdesc>OBIS-SEAMAP Dataset ID 477</resdesc></distinfo><metainfo><metc><cntinfo><cntperp><cntper>Ei Fujioka</cntper><cntorg>Duke University</cntorg></cntperp><cntpos/><cntaddr><addrtype>mailing and physical address</addrtype><address>LSRC A328</address><city>Durham</city><state>NC</state><country>USA</country><postal>27708</postal></cntaddr><cntemail>efujioka@duke.edu</cntemail><cntvoice>919-613-8021</cntvoice></cntinfo></metc><metextns><onlink>http://www.nbii.gov/</onlink><metprof>Biological Data Profile</metprof></metextns><metd>20250929</metd><metrd>20250929</metrd></metainfo><dataqual><posacc><horizpa><horizpar/></horizpa><vertacc><vertaccr/></vertacc></posacc><attracc><attraccr>Accuracy of the location data are based on the criteria provided by Argos Systems. All other aspects of the data have been checked for accuracy by members of the TOPP Seabird Team</attraccr></attracc><complete/><lineage><procstep><procdesc>Data were put through the OBIS-SEAMAP data registration steps.</procdesc><procdate>20250925</procdate></procstep></lineage></dataqual><eainfo><overview><eadetcit>Scott Shaffer</eadetcit><eaover>ARGOS Latitude 1 and Longitude 1 are used for the coordinates in the SEAMAP mas.</eaover></overview><detailed><enttyp><enttypl>Biogeographic data</enttypl><enttypd>Biogeographic data</enttypd><enttypds>Not applicable</enttypds></enttyp><attr><attrlabl>row_index</attrlabl><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv/></attr><attr><attrlabl>ptt</attrlabl><attrdef>Argos PTT ID #</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv/></attr><attr><attrlabl>obs_date</attrlabl><attrdef>Date (GMT)</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv/></attr><attr><attrlabl>obs_time</attrlabl><attrdef>Time (GMT)</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv/></attr><attr><attrlabl>loc_qual</attrlabl><attrdef>ARGOS location quality. 1 = ARGOS Quality 3; 2 = ARGOS Quality 2; 3 = ARGOS Quality 1; 4 = ARGOS Quality 0; 5 = ARGOS Quality A; 6 = ARGOS Quality B; 7 = ARGOS Quality Z</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv/></attr><attr><attrlabl>latitude</attrlabl><attrdef>ARGOS Latitude 1</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv/></attr><attr><attrlabl>longitude</attrlabl><attrdef>ARGOS Longitude 1</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv/></attr><attr><attrlabl>lat2</attrlabl><attrdef>ARGOS Latitude 2</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv/></attr><attr><attrlabl>long2</attrlabl><attrdef>ARGOS Longitude 2</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv/></attr><attr><attrlabl>season</attrlabl><attrdef>Season (two-year period encompassing the albatross breeding season) that tracking was conducted</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv/></attr><attr><attrlabl>site</attrlabl><attrdef>Breeding colony where instruments were deployed (TERN = Tern Island, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands; GUAD = Guadalupe Island, Mexico)</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv/></attr><attr><attrlabl>spp</attrlabl><attrdef>Species tracked (BFAL = Black-footed Albatross; LAAL = Laysan Albatross)</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv/></attr><attr><attrlabl>sp_tsn</attrlabl><attrdef>Taxonomic Serial Number by Integrated Taxonomic Information System</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv/></attr><attr><attrlabl>status</attrlabl><attrdef>Status of breeding bird (INC = Incubation; BROOD = Brooding; REAR = Rearing) when instrument was deployed (the status may have changed before retrieval)</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv/></attr><attr><attrlabl>series</attrlabl><attrdef>USFWS metal band # (unique individual identifier)</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv/></attr><attr><attrlabl>dtimehrs</attrlabl><attrdef>Metric from the filter</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv/></attr><attr><attrlabl>distancekm</attrlabl><attrdef>Metric from the filter</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv/></attr><attr><attrlabl>angledeg</attrlabl><attrdef>Metric from the filter</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv/></attr><attr><attrlabl>speedmps</attrlabl><attrdef>Metric from the filter</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv/></attr><attr><attrlabl>filter_keep</attrlabl><attrdef>Flag indicating if the point is good or bad based on the filter applied.</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv/></attr><attr><attrlabl>geom</attrlabl><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv/></attr><attr><attrlabl>oid</attrlabl><attrdef>Unique ID number (generated by SEAMAP)</attrdef><attrdefs>Data provider</attrdefs><attrdomv/></attr></detailed></eainfo><spref><horizsys><cordsysn><geogcsn>GCS_WGS_1984</geogcsn></cordsysn><geograph><geogunit>Decimal degrees</geogunit><latres>0.001</latres><longres>0.001</longres></geograph><geodetic><horizdn>D_WGS_1984</horizdn><ellips>WGS_1984</ellips><semiaxis>6378137.000000</semiaxis><denflat>298.257224</denflat></geodetic></horizsys></spref></metadata>
