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    <alternateIdentifier>https://doi.org/10.82144/52e5430d</alternateIdentifier>
    <alternateIdentifier>https://seamap.env.duke.edu/dataset/484</alternateIdentifier>
    <title xml:lang="eng">Current status of cetaceans in Aragua, Venezuela</title>
    <creator>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Jaime</givenName>
        <surName>Bolanos</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>Sea Vida</organizationName>
      <positionName>Primary contact</positionName>
      <electronicMailAddress>megapterax@yahoo.com</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl/>
    </creator>
    <metadataProvider>
      <individualName>
        <surName>OBIS-SEAMAP</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab, Duke University</organizationName>
      <positionName/>
      <address>
        <deliveryPoint>A328 LSRC building</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Durham</city>
        <administrativeArea>NC</administrativeArea>
        <postalCode>27708</postalCode>
        <country>US</country>
      </address>
      <electronicMailAddress>seamap-contact@duke.edu</electronicMailAddress>
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        <surName>OBIS-SEAMAP</surName>
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      <organizationName>Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab, Duke University</organizationName>
      <positionName/>
      <address>
        <deliveryPoint>A328 LSRC building</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Durham</city>
        <administrativeArea>NC</administrativeArea>
        <postalCode>27708</postalCode>
        <country>US</country>
      </address>
      <electronicMailAddress>seamap-contact@duke.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl>https://seamap.env.duke.edu</onlineUrl>
      <role>distributor</role>
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    <associatedParty>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Jaime</givenName>
        <surName>Bolanos</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>Sea Vida</organizationName>
      <positionName>Primary contact</positionName>
      <electronicMailAddress>megapterax@yahoo.com</electronicMailAddress>
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      <role>owner</role>
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    <pubDate>2025-07-31</pubDate>
    <language>eng</language>
    <abstract>
      <para>Original provider:
Jaime Bola&#xF1;os-Jim&#xE9;nez

Dataset credits:
Jaime Bola&#xF1;os-Jim&#xE9;nez

Abstract:
As part of an effort to assess the actual status of the Venezuelan cetaceans, Profauna (the Venezuela Fish and Wildlife Service) is conducting a two-year field research project on the State of Aragua, central coast of Venezuela. It is the first step to get baseline information to devise an action plan for the conservation and research of marine mammals. So far, one flight and 24 boat surveys have been made between October 1996 and June, 1997. During this period, 30 sightings were recorded over the continental shelf. Relative frequencies were as follows: 50% Atlantic spotted dolphins (&lt;i&gt;Stenella frontalis&lt;/i&gt;), 17% bottlenose dolphins (&lt;i&gt;Tursiops truncatus&lt;/i&gt;), 10% mixed aggregations of these two species, 17% unidentified dolphins and 6% unidentified (Balaenopterid) whales. Group size for &lt;i&gt;Tursiops truncatus&lt;/i&gt; ranged from 1-15 individuals and from three to more than 300 for &lt;i&gt;S. frontalis&lt;/i&gt;. Spotted dolphins showed a sociable behavior by bowriding, escorting and 'playing' around the boat from only a few minutes to more than one hour. Bottlenose dolphins, on the other hand, very seldom showed this behavior, being rather shy most of the time. While watching a school of more that 300 spotted dolphins underwater, 25 animals bowrode and escorted the boat; as the boat reduced speed while circling the area they dived to 45-60 feet, looping back to the stern of the boat and then bowrode again. This behavior was displayed several times and was always made by the same subgroup. In one of the rare occasions when 10 &lt;i&gt;Tursiops&lt;/i&gt; were bowriding, another school of &lt;i&gt;S. frontalis&lt;/i&gt; joined them and started bowriding too. Preliminary results suggest the presence of coastal populations of dolphins along the study area during most of the year and, possibly, daily easterly or westerly movements (parallel to the coastline). &lt;i&gt;Stenella frontalis&lt;/i&gt; is the most abundant species both in absolute numbers and sighting frequency. Further research will provide information about seasonality of whales presence, as claimed by fishermen. These are preliminary results of Project DLAM 009, funded by &lt;a href=http:/www.fundacite.arg.gov.ve&gt;Fundacite Aragua&lt;/a&gt;.
</para>
    </abstract>
    <keywordSet>
      <keyword>Occurrence</keyword>
      <keywordThesaurus>GBIF Dataset Type Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_type.xml</keywordThesaurus>
    </keywordSet>
    <keywordSet>
      <keyword>Observation</keyword>
      <keywordThesaurus>GBIF Dataset Subtype Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_subtype.xml</keywordThesaurus>
    </keywordSet>
    <keywordSet>
      <keyword>Marine Biology</keyword>
      <keyword>Visual sighting</keyword>
      <keyword>Vessels</keyword>
      <keyword>Sightings</keyword>
      <keyword>Cetacean conservation and management</keyword>
      <keyword>Venezuela</keyword>
      <keywordThesaurus>N/A</keywordThesaurus>
    </keywordSet>
    <additionalInfo>
      <!-- Added for IPT2.3 on 2016-02-29. This field should include words "marine, harvested by iOBIS" for IPT -->
      <para>When &lt;i&gt;Stenella frontalis&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Tursiops truncatus&lt;/i&gt; were sighted together, they were contained in one record as 'sf+tt' and their group size included both species. In OBIS-SEAMAP, these records were classified as Delphinidae (TSN: 180415). All Delphinidae records are for 'st+tt' sightings.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

In the original data, the group size can be a range (e.g., 30-40). In OBIS-SEAMAP, a mid-value is taken for those having range values. Currently, research on cetaceans is being conducted by the primary dataset contact and the non-governmental organization Sea Vida team.</para>
    </additionalInfo>
    <intellectualRights>
      <!-- Added for IPT2.3 on 2015-11-18 . TextType -->
      <para><ulink url="https://seamap.env.duke.edu/content/license_permission">The access to this work requires permission</ulink>.</para>
    </intellectualRights>
    <distribution scope="document">
      <online>
        <url function="information">https://seamap.env.duke.edu/dataset/484</url>
      </online>
    </distribution>
    <coverage>
      <geographicCoverage>
        <geographicDescription>Oceans,State of Aragua,Atlantic spotted dolphin,Common bottlenose dolphin</geographicDescription>
        <boundingCoordinates>
          <westBoundingCoordinate>-67.767</westBoundingCoordinate>
          <eastBoundingCoordinate>-67.608</eastBoundingCoordinate>
          <northBoundingCoordinate>10.52</northBoundingCoordinate>
          <southBoundingCoordinate>10.499</southBoundingCoordinate>
        </boundingCoordinates>
      </geographicCoverage>
      <temporalCoverage>
        <rangeOfDates>
          <beginDate>
            <calendarDate>1996-10-08</calendarDate>
          </beginDate>
          <endDate>
            <calendarDate>1997-07-18</calendarDate>
          </endDate>
        </rangeOfDates>
      </temporalCoverage>
      <taxonomicCoverage>
        <generalTaxonomicCoverage>Scientific names are based on the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).</generalTaxonomicCoverage>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>genus</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Balaenoptera</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Baleen whales</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>order</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Cetacea</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Cetaceans</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>family</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Delphinidae</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Dolphins</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Stenella frontalis</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Atlantic spotted dolphin</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Tursiops truncatus</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Common bottlenose dolphin</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
      </taxonomicCoverage>
    </coverage>
    <purpose>
      <para>This study was made with the purpose of generating baseline information of the cetaceans inhabiting the central coast of Venezuela.</para>
    </purpose>
    <!-- Added for IPT2.3 on 2015-11-18 
Available options for maintenanceUpdateFrequency
daily|...|notPlanned|irregular|unknown
-->
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      <description>
        <para/>
      </description>
      <maintenanceUpdateFrequency>notPlanned</maintenanceUpdateFrequency>
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    <contact>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Jaime</givenName>
        <surName>Bolanos</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>Sea Vida</organizationName>
      <positionName>Primary contact</positionName>
      <electronicMailAddress>megapterax@yahoo.com</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl/>
    </contact>
    <methods>
      <methodStep>
        <description>
          <para>NA</para>
        </description>
      </methodStep>
      <sampling>
        <studyExtent>
          <description>
            <para>NA</para>
          </description>
        </studyExtent>
        <samplingDescription>
          <para>NA</para>
        </samplingDescription>
      </sampling>
    </methods>
    <project>
      <title>Current status of cetaceans in Aragua, Venezuela</title>
      <personnel>
        <individualName>
          <givenName>Jaime</givenName>
          <surName>Bolanos</surName>
        </individualName>
        <role>owner</role>
      </personnel>
      <funding>
        <para>NA</para>
      </funding>
      <studyAreaDescription>
        <descriptor name="generic" citableClassificationSystem="false">
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        </descriptor>
      </studyAreaDescription>
      <designDescription>
        <description>
          <para/>
        </description>
      </designDescription>
    </project>
    <shortName>zd_484</shortName>
  </dataset>
  <additionalMetadata>
    <metadata>
      <gbif>
        <dateStamp>2025-07-31T14:18:02-04:00</dateStamp>
        <hierarchyLevel>dataset</hierarchyLevel>
        <citation identifier="https://doi.org/10.82144/52e5430d">Bolanos, J. 2009. Current status of cetaceans in Aragua, Venezuela. Version 1.0.0. Dataset published in OBIS-SEAMAP. https://doi.org/10.82144/52e5430d.</citation>
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              <url function="download">https://seamap.env.duke.edu/dataset/484</url>
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          <objectName>FGDC Metadata</objectName>
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            <online>
              <url function="download">https://seamap.env.duke.edu/dataset/484/eml</url>
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        <!-- added for STAT on 2016/03/28 -->
        <collection>
          <parentCollectionIdentifier>OBIS-SEAMAP</parentCollectionIdentifier>
          <collectionIdentifier>zd_484</collectionIdentifier>
          <collectionName>zd_484</collectionName>
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        <bibliography>
          <citation identifier="http://www.mardecetaceos.net/media_files/download/BolanosetalInformeCetaceosdeAraguaEtapaI.1998.pdf">Bola&#xF1;os, J.J., A.M.Z. Campo and M.E. Gonz&#xE1;lez-Fern&#xE1;ndez. 1998. Determinaci&#xF3;n del estado actual de los cet&#xE1;ceos de las costas del estado Aragua: Resultados de la etapa I. IT/MARNR/386, Serie Informes T&#xE9;cnicos, Ministerio del Ambiente, Caracas, Venezuela: 41.</citation>
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