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    <title xml:lang="eng">State of the World's Sea Turtles, The</title>
    <shortName>zd_545</shortName>
    <creator>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Bryan</givenName>
        <surName>Wallace</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>State of the World's Sea Turtles</organizationName>
      <positionName>Primary contact</positionName>
      <electronicMailAddress>bryan.wallace@duke.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl/>
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    <metadataProvider>
      <individualName>
        <surName>OBIS-SEAMAP</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab, Duke University</organizationName>
      <positionName/>
      <address>
        <deliveryPoint>A328 LSRC building</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Durham</city>
        <administrativeArea>NC</administrativeArea>
        <postalCode>27708</postalCode>
        <country>US</country>
      </address>
      <electronicMailAddress>seamap-contact@duke.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl>https://seamap.env.duke.edu</onlineUrl>
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        <surName>OBIS-SEAMAP</surName>
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      <organizationName>Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab, Duke University</organizationName>
      <positionName/>
      <address>
        <deliveryPoint>A328 LSRC building</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Durham</city>
        <administrativeArea>NC</administrativeArea>
        <postalCode>27708</postalCode>
        <country>US</country>
      </address>
      <electronicMailAddress>seamap-contact@duke.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl>https://seamap.env.duke.edu</onlineUrl>
      <role>distributor</role>
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    <associatedParty>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Bryan</givenName>
        <surName>Wallace</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>State of the World's Sea Turtles</organizationName>
      <positionName>Primary contact</positionName>
      <electronicMailAddress>bryan.wallace@duke.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl/>
      <role>owner</role>
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    <pubDate>2025-09-29</pubDate>
    <language>eng</language>
    <abstract>
      <para>Original provider:
The State of the World's Sea Turtles Team

Dataset credits:
The State of the World's Sea Turtles Team
Oceanic Society
IUCN Marine Turtle Specialist Group
Wider Caribbean Sea Turtle Conservation Network
Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab, Duke University

Abstract:
SWOT - the State of the World's Sea Turtles - is a partnership led by Marine Flagship Species Program at the Oceanic Society and the IUCN Marine Turtle Specialist Group (MTSG), and supported by the OBIS-SEAMAP project at the Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab (MGEL), Duke University. This online database and mapping application is built with sea turtle nesting and telemetry data contributed to SWOT since 2004 and also incorporates earlier efforts that produced the WIDECAST nesting database. Since 2012, the data collection and database management are conducted by the OBIS-SEAMAP team at the Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab, Duke University.

Currently, SWOT collects data from a network of more than 550 people and projects (SWOT team) for the only comprehensive, global database of sea turtle nesting sites and satellite telemetry data. The SWOT team has provided global nesting locations and satellite telemetry data of all seven marine turtle species: green, leatherback, loggerhead, hawksbill, flatback, olive ridley, and Kemp's ridley. These data have been highlighted here and in annual SWOT reports, available freely in print and online. Furthermore, SWOT supports recommendations for monitoring effort schemes (minimum data standards or MDS) that will allow for comparison of long-term nesting abundance and trend estimates for regional and global populations of sea turtle species. All data contributed to SWOT must include MDS level information to facilitate a standardized global monitoring system for sea turtles.

In addition to collating sea turtle nesting and telemetry data, SWOT provides other geospatial sea turtle data, including species regional management units, georeferenced sea turtle mtDNA and nDNA sampling sites, and a nesting habitat suitability layer. These files can be viewed and downloaded for analyses from the SWOT mapping application (http://seamap.env.duke.edu/swot) once the OBIS-SEAMAP Terms of Use are agreed upon.
</para>
    </abstract>
    <keywordSet>
      <keyword>Observation</keyword>
      <keywordThesaurus>GBIF Dataset Subtype Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_subtype.xml</keywordThesaurus>
    </keywordSet>
    <keywordSet>
      <keyword>Marine Biology</keyword>
      <keyword>Land-based</keyword>
      <keyword>Habitats</keyword>
      <keyword>sea turtles</keyword>
      <keyword>nesting beaches</keyword>
      <keywordThesaurus>N/A</keywordThesaurus>
    </keywordSet>
    <additionalInfo>
      <!-- Added for IPT2.3 on 2016-02-29. This field should include words "marine, harvested by iOBIS" for IPT -->
      <para>[2023-04-07] Latest nesting data were appended.
[2022-09-06] Hawksbill's nesting data prepared for SWOT Report  vol XVII (2022) were appended.
[2021-12-04] Nesting data in Mexico (Atlantic) in 2018-21 were appended.
[2021-12-03] Nesting data in Greece in 2019-21 were appended.
[2016-04-28] Nesting data in 2014 were appended from the SWOT database.
[2015-04-23] Metadata edited.
[2014-04-02] Nesting data in 2013 were appended from the SWOT database.
[2013-01-30] Nesting data on the map were updated from the SWOT database.
[2013-06-11] Nesting data were updated from the SWOT database; shapefiles, csv, wfs, wms, and kml files were uploaded to the website 6/20/2013

Please note: this dataset does not reflect the most up-to-date version of the SWOT database. Please see the interactive SWOT map for the latest updates and information &lt;a href='/swot'&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.

Sea turtle nesting activity in the SWOT database were originally reported in several count formats (i.e., females, nests, crawls) to ease reporting effort for individual data providers. When possible, exact counts of nesting females, clutches, or crawls are reported. However, binned values were reported given for some sites where no exact estimates were available. Region- and species-specific conversion factors are used to convert among count types for display purposes only. This ensures that no nesting sites are dropped from the display when viewing the data using different types of counts. The converted values themselves are never displayed, and users should refer to the individual data records to view the original counts reported.

When all species are displayed, colony size is used to color the points with the color white representing unquantified sites. The most recent record for the species nesting in the greatest abundance at that site is used to determine the color. Nesting sites containing multiple species are represented with a circle.</para>
    </additionalInfo>
    <intellectualRights>
      <!-- Added for IPT2.3 on 2015-11-18 . TextType -->
      <para><ulink url="https://seamap.env.duke.edu/content/license_permission">The access to this work requires permission</ulink>.</para>
    </intellectualRights>
    <distribution scope="document">
      <online>
        <url function="information">https://seamap.env.duke.edu/dataset/545</url>
      </online>
    </distribution>
    <coverage>
      <geographicCoverage>
        <geographicDescription>Western Pacific sector, Global</geographicDescription>
        <boundingCoordinates>
          <westBoundingCoordinate>0.621807</westBoundingCoordinate>
          <eastBoundingCoordinate>180</eastBoundingCoordinate>
          <northBoundingCoordinate>43.2675</northBoundingCoordinate>
          <southBoundingCoordinate>-29.4811</southBoundingCoordinate>
        </boundingCoordinates>
      </geographicCoverage>
      <geographicCoverage>
        <geographicDescription>Eastern Pacific sector, Global</geographicDescription>
        <boundingCoordinates>
          <westBoundingCoordinate>-180</westBoundingCoordinate>
          <eastBoundingCoordinate>-0.055822999999975</eastBoundingCoordinate>
          <northBoundingCoordinate>43.2675</northBoundingCoordinate>
          <southBoundingCoordinate>-29.4811</southBoundingCoordinate>
        </boundingCoordinates>
      </geographicCoverage>
      <temporalCoverage>
        <rangeOfDates>
          <beginDate>
            <calendarDate>1930-01-01</calendarDate>
          </beginDate>
          <endDate>
            <calendarDate>2022-01-01</calendarDate>
          </endDate>
        </rangeOfDates>
      </temporalCoverage>
      <taxonomicCoverage>
        <generalTaxonomicCoverage>Scientific names are based on the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).</generalTaxonomicCoverage>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Caretta caretta</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Loggerhead sea turtle</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Chelonia mydas</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Green sea turtle</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Dermochelys coriacea</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Leatherback sea turtle</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Eretmochelys imbricata</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Hawksbill sea turtle</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Lepidochelys kempii</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Kemp's ridley</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Lepidochelys olivacea</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Olive ridley</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Natator depressus</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Flatback sea turtle</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
      </taxonomicCoverage>
    </coverage>
    <purpose>
      <para>In recent years, SWOT has developed a strategy and been working toward the long-term science goal of making SWOT the premiere global monitoring system for sea turtle populations and species. To do this, we have developed minimum standards for nesting beach data contributed to SWOT that: 1) allow comparison across sites with different levels of monitoring effort, and 2) allow for estimation of population abundances and long-term population trends. SWOT brought together some of the sea turtle community's top leaders in data collection and statistical techniques, and developed a one-of-a-kind statistical modeling program that estimates real numbers of nesting turtles from incomplete data sets. The results and products-including a user-friendly handbook and modeling software-are available here. We look forward to the input from the SWOT Team as products are tested and put to use.

In addition to SWOT's scientific goals for nesting beach monitoring, SWOT is expanding its database through the Global Sea Turtle Tracking Initiative to identify important areas for sea turtles throughout the world's oceans by aggregating available satellite telemetry data into a single, common database. We are collating satellite tracking data from all species and geographies to identify "Important Turtle Areas" at regional and global scales to guide spatial management of threats to sea turtles. This system will augment the global nesting database to provide the most comprehensive perspective of sea turtle biogeography available, and will allow user-driven updates and improvements to maintain currency.</para>
    </purpose>
    <!-- Added for IPT2.3 on 2015-11-18 
Available options for maintenanceUpdateFrequency
daily|...|notPlanned|irregular|unknown
-->
    <maintenance>
      <description>
        <para/>
      </description>
      <maintenanceUpdateFrequency>asNeeded</maintenanceUpdateFrequency>
    </maintenance>
    <contact>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Bryan</givenName>
        <surName>Wallace</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>State of the World's Sea Turtles</organizationName>
      <positionName>Primary contact</positionName>
      <electronicMailAddress>bryan.wallace@duke.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl/>
    </contact>
    <methods>
      <methodStep>
        <description>
          <para>NA</para>
        </description>
      </methodStep>
      <sampling>
        <studyExtent>
          <description>
            <para>NA</para>
          </description>
        </studyExtent>
        <samplingDescription>
          <para>NA</para>
        </samplingDescription>
      </sampling>
    </methods>
    <project>
      <title>State of the World's Sea Turtles, The</title>
      <personnel>
        <individualName>
          <givenName>Bryan</givenName>
          <surName>Wallace</surName>
        </individualName>
        <role>owner</role>
      </personnel>
      <funding>
        <para>NA</para>
      </funding>
      <studyAreaDescription>
        <descriptor name="generic" citableClassificationSystem="false">
          <descriptorValue/>
        </descriptor>
      </studyAreaDescription>
      <designDescription>
        <description>
          <para/>
        </description>
      </designDescription>
    </project>
  </dataset>
  <additionalMetadata>
    <metadata>
      <gbif>
        <dateStamp>2025-09-29T11:47:57-04:00</dateStamp>
        <hierarchyLevel>dataset</hierarchyLevel>
        <citation identifier="https://doi.org/10.82144/fc8ce8af">Wallace, B. 2016. State of the World's Sea Turtles, The. Version 1.9.0. Dataset published in OBIS-SEAMAP. https://doi.org/10.82144/fc8ce8af.</citation>
        <bibliography>
          <citation identifier="http://seamap.env.duke.edu/swot">Kot, C.Y., E. Fujioka, A. DiMatteo, A. Bandimere, B. Wallace, B. Hutchinson, J. Cleary, P. Halpin and R. Mast. 2023. The State of the World's Sea Turtles Online Database: Data provided by the SWOT Team and hosted on OBIS-SEAMAP. Oceanic Society, IUCN Marine Turtle Specialist Group (MTSG), and Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab, Duke Universityhttp://seamap.env.duke.edu/swot. </citation>
        </bibliography>
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          <dataFormat>
            <externallyDefinedFormat>
              <formatName>Interactive map</formatName>
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          <distribution>
            <online>
              <url function="download">https://seamap.env.duke.edu/dataset/545</url>
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        <physical>
          <objectName>FGDC Metadata</objectName>
          <characterEncoding>UTF-8</characterEncoding>
          <dataFormat>
            <externallyDefinedFormat>
              <formatName>XML</formatName>
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          </dataFormat>
          <distribution>
            <online>
              <url function="download">https://seamap.env.duke.edu/dataset/545/fgdc</url>
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        <physical>
          <objectName>EML Metadata</objectName>
          <characterEncoding>UTF-8</characterEncoding>
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          <distribution>
            <online>
              <url function="download">https://seamap.env.duke.edu/dataset/545/eml</url>
            </online>
          </distribution>
        </physical>
        <!-- added for STAT on 2016/03/28 -->
        <collection>
          <parentCollectionIdentifier>OBIS-SEAMAP</parentCollectionIdentifier>
          <collectionIdentifier>zd_545</collectionIdentifier>
          <collectionName>zd_545</collectionName>
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