{999A9551-D701-4CF5-9373-131D3DD8D969}2005051219291400FALSE20060710171619002006081512091700Greenlandhigh-ArcticAntarcticaWeddell Sealong-distance migrationat-sea hotspotglobal wind systemsgeolocatortrans-equatorial migrationPlatformRadio transmittersAnimal movementsMicrosoft Windows 2000 Version 5.0 (Build 2195) Service Pack 4; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.1.0.722enThe study of long-distance migration provides insights into the habits and performance of organisms at the limit of their physical abilities. The Arctic tern <i>Sterna paradisaea</i> is the epitome of such behavior; despite its small size (<125 g), banding recoveries and at-sea surveys suggest that its annual migration from boreal and high Arctic breeding grounds to the Southern Ocean may be the longest seasonal movement of any animal. Our tracking of 11 Arctic terns fitted with miniature (1.4 g) geolocators revealed that these birds do indeed travel huge distances (more than 80,000 km annually for some individuals). As well as confirming the location of the main wintering region, we also identified a previously unknown oceanic stopover area in the North Atlantic used by birds from at least two breeding populations (from Greenland and Iceland). Although birds from the same colony took one of two alternative southbound migration routes following the African or South American coast, all returned on a broadly similar, sigmoidal trajectory, crossing from east to west in the Atlantic in the region of the equatorial Intertropical Convergence Zone. Arctic terns clearly target regions of high marine productivity both as stopover and wintering areas, and exploit prevailing global wind systems to reduce flight costs on long-distance commutes. The Arctic tern is known to make the longest annual migration in the animal kingdom. During its breeding season, it is found far to the north where summer days are long, and it winters far south in the southern hemisphere, where the days are longest during November to February. This means that the Arctic tern probably experiences more sun light during a calendar year than any other creature on Earth. The long-distance travel of the Arctic tern is well-known both amongst researchers and in the broader public. Now, for the first time, technological advances allow us to follow the Arctic tern on its immense journey, practically from pole to pole.Four erroneous points were removed from the original dataset: ARTE_410, 9/17/2007 noon; ARTE_370, 9/13/2007 noon; ARTE_373, 9/15/2007 noon and 9/16/2007 noon.<br><br> Sand Island (74.263 degrees N, 20.160 degrees W), northeast Greenland, is the breeding colony for these Arctic terns and was placed on the map (red-orange square). Sand Island can be used as the beginning and end of all tracks, but since exact dates of the starting and ending of the migration were not available (high-Arctic zone = continuous day light during summer = poor positions when using geolocators), the tracklines for each animal were not mapped to and from the breeding colony.Egevang, C2012https://doi.org/10.82144/f1e7b55eOBIS-SEAMAP705http://seamap.env.duke.edu/dataset/705OBIS-SEAMAPVersion 1.0.0ground condition2007-08-132008-05-31CompleteNone planned-62.56107.0775-76.84-62.56107.07-76.8475Open public unless otherwise noted. See Use Constraints for details.1. Not to use data obtained from OBIS-SEAMAP in any publication, product, or commercial application without proper attribution to the original data provider(s) and OBIS-SEAMAP unless the datasets are explicitly shown under the CC0 policy. Citations or credits are suggested as attribution. If the data you downloaded come from multiple datasets, a citation or credit to each of the datasets is required. Suggested citation for this dataset Egevang, C. 2012. Tracking of Arctic tern migrations 2007-2008. Data downloaded from OBIS-SEAMAP (http://seamap.env.duke.edu/dataset/705) on yyyy-mm-dd. Suggested citation for OBIS-SEAMAP: Halpin, P.N., A.J. Read, E. Fujioka, B.D. Best, B. Donnelly, L.J. Hazen, C. Kot, K. Urian, E. LaBrecque, A. Dimatteo, J. Cleary, C. Good, L.B. Crowder, and K.D. Hyrenbach. 2009. OBIS-SEAMAP: The world data center for marine mammal, sea bird, and sea turtle distributions. Oceanography 22(2):104-115 2. To forward the citation of any publication / report that made use of the data / tools provided by OBIS-SEAMAP for inclusion in our list of references. 3. Not to hold OBIS-SEAMAP or the original data providers liable for errors in the data. While we have made every effort to ensure the quality of the database, we cannot guarantee the accuracy of these datasets. 4. The burden for determining fitness for use of the downloaded data for any analyses lies entirely with the user. OBIS-SEAMAP or the original data providers do not support outcomes of your analyses that used the data you downloaded from OBIS-SEAMAP. 5. To consider inclusion of the accompanying transect (effort) dataset if available into the methodology of your analyses. 6. Not to redistribute the data you downloaded from OBIS-SEAMAP through any media without contect from OBIS-SEAMAP and the original data providers unless the datasets are explicitly shown under the CC0 policy.ShapefileCarsten EgevangGreenland Institute of Natural Resourcesmailing and physical addresscep@dmu.dk Greenland Institute of Natural ResourcesEgevang, C., I.J. Stenhouse, R.A. Phillips, A. Petersen, J.W. Fox and J.R.D. Silk2010http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2009/12/29/0909493107Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America107: 2078-2081Integrated Taxonomic Information Systemhttp://www.itis.usda.gov/Downloaded April, 2004Refer to the contact information of the datasetKingdomAnimalia202423PhylumChordata158852SubphylumVertebrata331030ClassAves174371OrderCiconiiformes174770FamilyLaridae176802SubfamilySterninae553483GenusSterna176885SpeciesSterna paradisaea176890Halpin, P.N., A.J. Read, E. Fujioka, B.D. Best, B. Donnelly, L.J. Hazen, C. Kot, K. Urian, E. LaBrecque, A. Dimatteo, J. Cleary, C. Good, L.B. Crowder, and K.D. Hyrenbach2009Oceanography22(2):104-115http://www.tos.org/oceanography/article/obis-seamap-the-world-data-center-for-marine-mammal-sea-bird-and-sea-turtle enFGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial MetadataFGDC-STD-001-1998local timeConnie KotDuke Universitymailing and physical address

135 Duke Marine Lab Road

BeaufortNC28516USA252-504-7640connie.kot@duke.eduhttp://www.nbii.gov/Biological Data Profilehttp://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.htmlESRI Metadata Profile2011-03-10ISO 19115 Geographic Information - MetadataDIS_ESRI1.0datasetDownloadable Data0.0210.021zipzipped shapefilehttp://seamap.env.duke.edu/dataset/705FreeGo to the OBIS-SEAMAP web siteOBIS-SEAMAPNicholas School of Environment, Duke Universitymailing and physical address

A328, LSRC

DurhamNC27708USA919-613-8021seamap-contact@duke.eduNot to hold OBIS-SEAMAP liable for errors in the data. While we have made every effort to ensure the quality of the database, we cannot guarantee the accuracy of these datasets. Also please refer to Use Constraints. 002 Local Area Network 0.021 Shapefile Vector GCS_WGS_1984Decimal degrees0.0001670.000167D_WGS_1984WGS_19846378137.000000298.257224GCS_WGS_1984 This section explains attributes included in the original dataset. OBIS-SEAMAP restricts the attributes available to the public to date/time, lat/lon and species names/counts only. Should you need other attributes described here, you are encouraged to contact the data provider.Greenland Institute of Natural ResourcesoidUnique ID number (generated by SEAMAP)seriesAnimal IDsortorderidtrjtypeobs_dateObserved dateobs_timeObserved timetrjdaystrjtrans1trjtrans2trjstatlattrjcomplattrjlontrjdisttrjheadingtrjveltrjconflongitudeLongitude of observationlatitudeLatitude of observationtracktimeequinoxdcodepolarpointidmonthsp_obsSpecies observedsp_tsnSpecies ITIS TSNobs_countObserved count20060815