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    <alternateIdentifier>https://seamap.env.duke.edu/dataset/784</alternateIdentifier>
    <alternateIdentifier>https://www.gbif.org/dataset/907219f3-d0cf-4573-8db5-ca2b99a21127</alternateIdentifier>
    <alternateIdentifier>https://obis.org/dataset/38d0b29e-2f76-4d0d-9691-e6d605848f88</alternateIdentifier>
    <title xml:lang="eng">Opportunistic marine mammal sightings near Pemba, Mozambique</title>
    <creator>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Olivier</givenName>
        <surName>Massart</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>Olivier Massart</organizationName>
      <positionName>Primary contact</positionName>
      <electronicMailAddress>olivier_massart@hotmail.com</electronicMailAddress>
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    </creator>
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      <individualName>
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      <organizationName>Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab, Duke University</organizationName>
      <positionName/>
      <address>
        <deliveryPoint>A328 LSRC building</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Durham</city>
        <administrativeArea>NC</administrativeArea>
        <postalCode>27708</postalCode>
        <country>US</country>
      </address>
      <electronicMailAddress>seamap-contact@duke.edu</electronicMailAddress>
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      <individualName>
        <surName>OBIS-SEAMAP</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab, Duke University</organizationName>
      <positionName/>
      <address>
        <deliveryPoint>A328 LSRC building</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Durham</city>
        <administrativeArea>NC</administrativeArea>
        <postalCode>27708</postalCode>
        <country>US</country>
      </address>
      <electronicMailAddress>seamap-contact@duke.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl>https://seamap.env.duke.edu</onlineUrl>
      <role>distributor</role>
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    <associatedParty>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Olivier</givenName>
        <surName>Massart</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>Olivier Massart</organizationName>
      <positionName>Primary contact</positionName>
      <electronicMailAddress>olivier_massart@hotmail.com</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl/>
      <role>owner</role>
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    <pubDate>2025-07-31</pubDate>
    <language>eng</language>
    <abstract>
      <para>Original provider:
Olivier Massart

Dataset credits:
Olivier Massart

Abstract:
Approximately 130+ observations of marine mammals species were recorded, along with the date, time, approximate weather condition, sea condition, and approximate distance and azimuth from an observation point onshore (point of regular observation: 12&#xB0; 57' 53"S - 40&#xB0; 31' 51" E). To increase accuracy of observation locations, I went to sea and took waypoints of where I observed the dolphins and whales. I then mapped these points on the nautical map of the region (new 2010 version - WGS 84). The original estimated distances were overestimated by far and the azimuth I was measuring was not that precise. Therefore, when I transformed the distance and azimuth of my observations I took these parameters into consideration and corrected them. The azimuths measured are accurate at 2 degrees. I estimate that the coordinates have a precision of about 0.1 to 0.2 minutes.

In addition, direct observations while swimming 11 times (for one hour each time) next to them allowed closer observations. Observations were also made to identify 163 species of fish (on coral reef mainly) and geographic coordinates were recorded while regular diving and snorkeling within that zone.
</para>
    </abstract>
    <keywordSet>
      <keyword>Occurrence</keyword>
      <keywordThesaurus>GBIF Dataset Type Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_type.xml</keywordThesaurus>
    </keywordSet>
    <keywordSet>
      <keyword>Observation</keyword>
      <keywordThesaurus>GBIF Dataset Subtype Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_subtype.xml</keywordThesaurus>
    </keywordSet>
    <keywordSet>
      <keyword>Marine Biology</keyword>
      <keyword>Visual sighting</keyword>
      <keyword>Land-based</keyword>
      <keyword>Sightings</keyword>
      <keywordThesaurus>N/A</keywordThesaurus>
    </keywordSet>
    <additionalInfo>
      <!-- Added for IPT2.3 on 2016-02-29. This field should include words "marine, harvested by iOBIS" for IPT -->
      <para>Group estimates were provided as a range or a minimum estimated number of animals; observed counts used were the median of the range (rounded down) or minimum number (when the minimum number of animals was recorded instead of a range) to be conservative.</para>
    </additionalInfo>
    <intellectualRights>
      <!-- Added for IPT2.3 on 2015-11-18 . TextType -->
      <para>This work is licensed under a <ulink url="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode"><citetitle>Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC-BY-NC) 4.0 License</citetitle></ulink>.</para>
    </intellectualRights>
    <distribution scope="document">
      <online>
        <url function="information">https://seamap.env.duke.edu/dataset/784</url>
      </online>
    </distribution>
    <coverage>
      <geographicCoverage>
        <geographicDescription>Oceans,Mozambique,Indian Ocean</geographicDescription>
        <boundingCoordinates>
          <westBoundingCoordinate>40.488333</westBoundingCoordinate>
          <eastBoundingCoordinate>40.658333</eastBoundingCoordinate>
          <northBoundingCoordinate>-12.916667</northBoundingCoordinate>
          <southBoundingCoordinate>-12.991667</southBoundingCoordinate>
        </boundingCoordinates>
      </geographicCoverage>
      <temporalCoverage>
        <rangeOfDates>
          <beginDate>
            <calendarDate>2009-09-22</calendarDate>
          </beginDate>
          <endDate>
            <calendarDate>2011-08-29</calendarDate>
          </endDate>
        </rangeOfDates>
      </temporalCoverage>
      <taxonomicCoverage>
        <generalTaxonomicCoverage>Scientific names are based on the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).</generalTaxonomicCoverage>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Megaptera novaeangliae</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Humpback whale</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Stenella longirostris</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Spinner dolphin</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Tursiops aduncus</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Indian ocean bottlenose dolphin</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
      </taxonomicCoverage>
    </coverage>
    <purpose>
      <para>Opportunistic observations were conducted on shore mainly from a terrace (about 10 to 12 m above sea level). All observations have been within a radius of less than 3 nautical miles from the point of observation on shore (binoculars 10x - 30x). For the observations that have not been from that reference observation spot, I recomputed the azimuth from the reference.

There were three species observed, mainly &lt;i&gt;Tursiops aduncus&lt;/i&gt;, which seems to be a resident in the area. What I observed was that the animals were cruising always in the same area, day after day. Day after day, I could also recognize that it is the same group as one of the individuals has a dorsal fin cut! Group numbers are rough estimates.</para>
    </purpose>
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Available options for maintenanceUpdateFrequency
daily|...|notPlanned|irregular|unknown
-->
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      <description>
        <para/>
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      <maintenanceUpdateFrequency>notPlanned</maintenanceUpdateFrequency>
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    <contact>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Olivier</givenName>
        <surName>Massart</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>Olivier Massart</organizationName>
      <positionName>Primary contact</positionName>
      <electronicMailAddress>olivier_massart@hotmail.com</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl/>
    </contact>
    <methods>
      <methodStep>
        <description>
          <para>NA</para>
        </description>
      </methodStep>
      <sampling>
        <studyExtent>
          <description>
            <para>NA</para>
          </description>
        </studyExtent>
        <samplingDescription>
          <para>NA</para>
        </samplingDescription>
      </sampling>
    </methods>
    <project>
      <title>Opportunistic marine mammal sightings near Pemba, Mozambique</title>
      <personnel>
        <individualName>
          <givenName>Olivier</givenName>
          <surName>Massart</surName>
        </individualName>
        <role>owner</role>
      </personnel>
      <funding>
        <para>NA</para>
      </funding>
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          <descriptorValue/>
        </descriptor>
      </studyAreaDescription>
      <designDescription>
        <description>
          <para/>
        </description>
      </designDescription>
    </project>
    <shortName>zd_784</shortName>
  </dataset>
  <additionalMetadata>
    <metadata>
      <gbif>
        <dateStamp>2025-07-31T15:33:24-04:00</dateStamp>
        <hierarchyLevel>dataset</hierarchyLevel>
        <citation identifier="https://doi.org/10.82144/7ffc772f">Massart, O. 2011. Opportunistic marine mammal sightings near Pemba, Mozambique. Version 1.0.0. Dataset published in OBIS-SEAMAP. https://doi.org/10.82144/7ffc772f.</citation>
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              <url function="download">https://seamap.env.duke.edu/dataset/784</url>
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