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    <title xml:lang="eng">WWF survey of the entire range of the Indus River dolphin - 2001</title>
    <creator>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Gill</givenName>
        <surName>Braulik</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>WWF-Pakistan</organizationName>
      <positionName>Primary contact</positionName>
      <electronicMailAddress>gillbraulik@downstream.vg</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl/>
    </creator>
    <metadataProvider>
      <individualName>
        <surName>OBIS-SEAMAP</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab, Duke University</organizationName>
      <positionName/>
      <address>
        <deliveryPoint>A328 LSRC building</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Durham</city>
        <administrativeArea>NC</administrativeArea>
        <postalCode>27708</postalCode>
        <country>US</country>
      </address>
      <electronicMailAddress>seamap-contact@duke.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl>https://seamap.env.duke.edu</onlineUrl>
    </metadataProvider>
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      <individualName>
        <surName>OBIS-SEAMAP</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab, Duke University</organizationName>
      <positionName/>
      <address>
        <deliveryPoint>A328 LSRC building</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Durham</city>
        <administrativeArea>NC</administrativeArea>
        <postalCode>27708</postalCode>
        <country>US</country>
      </address>
      <electronicMailAddress>seamap-contact@duke.edu</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl>https://seamap.env.duke.edu</onlineUrl>
      <role>distributor</role>
    </associatedParty>
    <associatedParty>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Gill</givenName>
        <surName>Braulik</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>WWF-Pakistan</organizationName>
      <positionName>Primary contact</positionName>
      <electronicMailAddress>gillbraulik@downstream.vg</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl/>
      <role>owner</role>
    </associatedParty>
    <pubDate>2025-07-31</pubDate>
    <language>eng</language>
    <abstract>
      <para>Original provider:
Gill Braulik, WWF-Pakistan

Dataset credits:
Gill Braulik, WWF-Pakistan

Abstract:
A survey was conducted in March and April 2001, to assess the status of the Indus River dolphin, &lt;i&gt;Platanista gangetica minor&lt;/i&gt;, throughout its present range. A total of 1535 km of survey effort was conducted, consisting of 1375 km of the Indus River main channel, 136 km of Indus River secondary channels, and 24 km of the Panjnad River, a tributary of the Indus. The effective range of the Indus dolphin has declined by 80% since 1870. The sum of best group size estimates produced an abundance estimate of 965 dolphins. Extrapolation of encounter rates to unsurveyed channels and application of a correction factor to account for missed dolphins indicates that the metapopulation may number approximately 1,200 individuals. Dolphins occur in five subpopulations separated by irrigation barrages. A pronounced increase in dolphin abundance and encounter rate was observed in each subsequent downstream subpopulation (except the last). The three largest subpopulations were between Chashma and Taunsa. Barrages (84 dolphins; 0.28/km), Taunsa and Guddu Barrages (259 dolphins; 0.74/km) and Guddu and Sukkur Barrages (602 dolphins; 3.60/km). Reasons suggested for the high encounter rate between Guddu and Sukkur Barrages, include high carrying capacity, low levels of anthropogenic threat, effective conservation, and augmentation of the subpopulation by downstream migration of dolphins from upstream.
</para>
    </abstract>
    <keywordSet>
      <keyword>Occurrence</keyword>
      <keywordThesaurus>GBIF Dataset Type Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_type.xml</keywordThesaurus>
    </keywordSet>
    <keywordSet>
      <keyword>Observation</keyword>
      <keywordThesaurus>GBIF Dataset Subtype Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_subtype.xml</keywordThesaurus>
    </keywordSet>
    <keywordSet>
      <keyword>Marine Biology</keyword>
      <keyword>Visual sighting</keyword>
      <keyword>Vessels</keyword>
      <keyword>Sightings</keyword>
      <keyword>Freshwater dolphins</keyword>
      <keyword>Platanista</keyword>
      <keyword>Distribution</keyword>
      <keyword>Abundance</keyword>
      <keyword>Vessel</keyword>
      <keywordThesaurus>N/A</keywordThesaurus>
    </keywordSet>
    <additionalInfo>
      <!-- Added for IPT2.3 on 2016-02-29. This field should include words "marine, harvested by iOBIS" for IPT -->
      <para>Data contains information on both the detection location, which is the location of the boat when a dolphin was sighted, and also an exact location, which was the position of the boat when the dolphins were perpendicular. Exact locations were plotted but detection location was used if an exact location was not available. 
BHL are best, high, low estimates of group size. Best estimates were used for the observed count.
Actual survey tracks followed the winding pattern of the Indus River. Tracks presented here are very approximate straight-line visual representations of the actual track. These visually  indicate which river sections were surveyed but should not be used for any analysis.</para>
    </additionalInfo>
    <intellectualRights>
      <!-- Added for IPT2.3 on 2015-11-18 . TextType -->
      <para>This work is licensed under a <ulink url="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode"><citetitle>Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC-BY-NC) 4.0 License</citetitle></ulink>.</para>
    </intellectualRights>
    <distribution scope="document">
      <online>
        <url function="information">https://seamap.env.duke.edu/dataset/848</url>
      </online>
    </distribution>
    <coverage>
      <geographicCoverage>
        <geographicDescription>Oceans,Pakistan,Indus River</geographicDescription>
        <boundingCoordinates>
          <westBoundingCoordinate>68.198267</westBoundingCoordinate>
          <eastBoundingCoordinate>71.412383</eastBoundingCoordinate>
          <northBoundingCoordinate>32.781017</northBoundingCoordinate>
          <southBoundingCoordinate>25.5102</southBoundingCoordinate>
        </boundingCoordinates>
      </geographicCoverage>
      <temporalCoverage>
        <rangeOfDates>
          <beginDate>
            <calendarDate>2001-03-13</calendarDate>
          </beginDate>
          <endDate>
            <calendarDate>2001-04-27</calendarDate>
          </endDate>
        </rangeOfDates>
      </temporalCoverage>
      <taxonomicCoverage>
        <generalTaxonomicCoverage>Scientific names are based on the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).</generalTaxonomicCoverage>
        <taxonomicClassification>
          <taxonRankName>species</taxonRankName>
          <taxonRankValue>Platanista minor</taxonRankValue>
          <commonName>Indus river dolphin</commonName>
        </taxonomicClassification>
      </taxonomicCoverage>
    </coverage>
    <purpose>
      <para>Status Assessment</para>
    </purpose>
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Available options for maintenanceUpdateFrequency
daily|...|notPlanned|irregular|unknown
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    <maintenance>
      <description>
        <para/>
      </description>
      <maintenanceUpdateFrequency>notPlanned</maintenanceUpdateFrequency>
    </maintenance>
    <contact>
      <individualName>
        <givenName>Gill</givenName>
        <surName>Braulik</surName>
      </individualName>
      <organizationName>WWF-Pakistan</organizationName>
      <positionName>Primary contact</positionName>
      <electronicMailAddress>gillbraulik@downstream.vg</electronicMailAddress>
      <onlineUrl/>
    </contact>
    <methods>
      <methodStep>
        <description>
          <para>NA</para>
        </description>
      </methodStep>
      <sampling>
        <studyExtent>
          <description>
            <para>NA</para>
          </description>
        </studyExtent>
        <samplingDescription>
          <para>NA</para>
        </samplingDescription>
      </sampling>
    </methods>
    <project>
      <title>WWF survey of the entire range of the Indus River dolphin - 2001</title>
      <personnel>
        <individualName>
          <givenName>Gill</givenName>
          <surName>Braulik</surName>
        </individualName>
        <role>owner</role>
      </personnel>
      <funding>
        <para>NA</para>
      </funding>
      <studyAreaDescription>
        <descriptor name="generic" citableClassificationSystem="false">
          <descriptorValue/>
        </descriptor>
      </studyAreaDescription>
      <designDescription>
        <description>
          <para/>
        </description>
      </designDescription>
    </project>
    <shortName>zd_848</shortName>
  </dataset>
  <additionalMetadata>
    <metadata>
      <gbif>
        <dateStamp>2025-07-31T15:49:56-04:00</dateStamp>
        <hierarchyLevel>dataset</hierarchyLevel>
        <citation identifier="https://doi.org/10.82144/7ee03437">Braulik, G. 2012. WWF survey of the entire range of the Indus River dolphin - 2001. Version 1.0.0. Dataset published in OBIS-SEAMAP. https://doi.org/10.82144/7ee03437.</citation>
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            <externallyDefinedFormat>
              <formatName>Interactive map</formatName>
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          <distribution>
            <online>
              <url function="download">https://seamap.env.duke.edu/dataset/848</url>
            </online>
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        </physical>
        <physical>
          <objectName>FGDC Metadata</objectName>
          <characterEncoding>UTF-8</characterEncoding>
          <dataFormat>
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              <formatName>XML</formatName>
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          <distribution>
            <online>
              <url function="download">https://seamap.env.duke.edu/dataset/848/fgdc</url>
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          <distribution>
            <online>
              <url function="download">https://seamap.env.duke.edu/dataset/848/eml</url>
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        <!-- added for STAT on 2016/03/28 -->
        <collection>
          <parentCollectionIdentifier>OBIS-SEAMAP</parentCollectionIdentifier>
          <collectionIdentifier>zd_848</collectionIdentifier>
          <collectionName>zd_848</collectionName>
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        <bibliography>
          <citation identifier="http://www.yod2007.org/vnoffice/data/0/0/2/245/Braulik2006.pdf">Braulik, G.T. 2006. Status assessment of the Indus River dolphin, Platanista gangetica minor, March-April 2001. Biological Conservation: 129:579-590.</citation>
        </bibliography>
      </gbif>
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